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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 48, 46493-46503, November 29, 2002
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From the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, Texas 77030
In the diaphragm muscle we tested the hypothesis
that MAP kinase signaling pathways are activated by mechanical stress
and such signaling pathways are dependent on the direction in which mechanical stress is applied. Although equal magnitudes of
mechanical stress were applied axially and transversely a greater level
of activation of ERK1/2, p38, Raf-1, p90 RSK, Elk-1, and the DNA binding activity of AP-1 transcription factor was produced when the
muscle was stretched transversely than when stretched axially. A
significant up-regulation in protein tyrosine phosphorylation was
observed in axially or transversely loaded diaphragm muscles and the
activation of ERK1/2 was completely inhibited by genistein (protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitor). Pretreatment of muscles with wortmannin (phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor), TMB-8 (antagonist of
intracellular calcium release), GF109203X (PKC inhibitor), or PD98059
(MEK1/2 inhibitor) blocked the activation of ERK1/2 kinases in
response to axial but not to transverse loading. On the other hand,
pretreatment of muscles with protein kinase A inhibitors H-7 and KT5720
completely suppressed the activation of ERK1/2 in response to
transverse loading only. Taken together with the alterations of MAP
kinases and the findings of elevations of downstream transcription
targets, our data are consistent with two distinct MAP kinase signal
transduction pathways in response to mechanical stress.
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Pulmonary and Critical
Care, Suite 520B, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza,
Houston, TX 77030. Fax: 713-798-3619; E-mail:
boriek@bcm.tmc.edu.
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