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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M208124200 on September 24, 2002

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 48, 46712-46719, November 29, 2002
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Three-dimensional Reconstruction of the Recombinant Type 2 Ryanodine Receptor and Localization of Its Divergent Region 1*

Zheng LiuDagger §, Jing Zhang, Pin Li, S. R. Wayne Chen, and Terence WagenknechtDagger ||

From the Dagger  Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12201, the  Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada, and the || Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12201

Isoform 2 of the ryanodine receptor (RyR2) is the major calcium release channel in cardiac muscle. In the present study, two kinds of RyR2 cDNA were constructed, one encoding the wild type mouse RyR2 (RyR2wt) and the other encoding modified RyR2, into which was inserted a cDNA encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP). GFP was inserted into the divergent region 1 (DR1) of RyR2, after the Asp-4365 (RyR2D4365-GFP). HEK293 cells expressing both RyR2wt and RyR2D4365-GFP cDNAs showed caffeine- and ryanodine-sensitive calcium release, demonstrating that both wild type and modified RyR2s form functional calcium release channels. Cells expressing the fusion protein, RyR2D4365-GFP, were readily identified by their fluorescence due to the presence of GFP, indicating that the inserted GFP folded properly. Both expressed RyR2s were purified from cell lysates in a single step by affinity chromatography using a GST-FKBP12.6 as the affinity ligand. Cryoelectron microscopy of purified RyR2s showed structurally intact receptors, and three-dimensional reconstructions were obtained by single particle image processing. The three-dimensional reconstruction of RyR2wt appeared very similar to that of the native RyR2 purified from dog heart. The location of the inserted GFP, and consequently of DR1, was mapped on the three-dimensional structure of RyR2 to one of the subunit's characteristic domains, domain 3, also known as the "handle" domain. This study describes the first internal fusion of a protein into a ryanodine receptor, and it demonstrates the potential of this technology for localizing functional and structural domains on the three-dimensional structure of RyR.


* This work was supported by the Muscular Dystrophy Association and National Institutes of Health Grant AR40615 (to T. W.) and by research grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Alberta, Northwest Territory, and Nunavut (to S. R. W. C.).The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

§ To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed: Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201-0509. Tel.: 518-474-7895; Fax: 518-474-7992; E-mail: liuz@wadsworth.org.


Copyright © 2002 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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