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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M204063200 on September 11, 2002

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 49, 47564-47571, December 6, 2002
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Function and Solution Structure of Huwentoxin-IV, a Potent Neuronal Tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive Sodium Channel Antagonist from Chinese Bird Spider Selenocosmia huwena*

Kuan Peng, Qin Shu, Zhonghua Liu, and Songping LiangDagger

From the College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, People's Republic of China

We have isolated a highly potent neurotoxin from the venom of the Chinese bird spider, Selenocosmia huwena. This 4.1-kDa toxin, which has been named huwentoxin-IV, contains 35 residues with three disulfide bridges: Cys-2-Cys-17, Cys-9-Cys-24, and Cys-16-Cys-31, assigned by a chemical strategy including partial reduction of the toxin and sequence analysis of the modified intermediates. It specifically inhibits the neuronal tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-S) voltage-gated sodium channel with the IC50 value of 30 nM in adult rat dorsal root ganglion neurons, while having no significant effect on the tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) voltage-gated sodium channel. This toxin seems to be a site I toxin affecting the sodium channel through a mechanism quite similar to that of TTX: it suppresses the peak sodium current without altering the activation or inactivation kinetics. The three-dimensional structure of huwentoxin-IV has been determined by two-dimensional 1H NMR combined with distant geometry and simulated annealing calculation by using 527 nuclear Overhauser effect constraints and 14 dihedral constraints. The resulting structure is composed of a double-stranded antiparallel beta -sheet (Leu-22-Ser-25 and Trp-30-Tyr-33) and four turns (Glu-4-Lys-7, Pro-11-Asp-14, Lys-18-Lys-21 and Arg-26-Arg-29) and belongs to the inhibitor cystine knot structural family. After comparison with other toxins purified from the same species, we are convinced that the positively charged residues of loop IV (residues 25-29), especially residue Arg-26, must be crucial to its binding to the neuronal tetrodotoxin-sensitive voltage-gated sodium channel.

* This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 30170193 and 39990600).The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

The atomic coordinates and the structure factors (code 1MB6) have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank, Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (http://www.rcsb.org/).

Dagger To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: 86-731-886-1304; E-mail: liangsp@public.cs.hn.cn.

Copyright © 2002 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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