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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M208829200 on September 27, 2002

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 50, 48745-48754, December 13, 2002
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Phosphorylation of Transcriptional Coactivator Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor (PPAR)-binding Protein (PBP)
STIMULATION OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION BY MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE*

Parimal MisraDagger §, Edward D. Owuor, Wenge Li, Songtao YuDagger , Chao QiDagger , Kirstin MeyerDagger , Yi-Jun ZhuDagger , M. Sambasiva RaoDagger , A.-N. Tony Kong, and Janardan K. ReddyDagger ||

From the Dagger  Department of Pathology, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611-3008, the  Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8020, and § Discovery Research, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., Miyapur, Hyderabad 500050, India

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-binding protein (PBP) is an important coactivator for PPARgamma and other transcription factors. PBP is an integral component of a multiprotein thyroid hormone receptor-associated protein (TRAP)/vitamin D3 receptor-interacting protein (DRIP)/activator-recruited cofactor (ARC) complex required for transcriptional activity. To study the regulation of PBP by cellular signaling pathways, we identified the phosphorylation sites of PBP. Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches and mutagenesis of PBP phosphorylation sites, we identified six phosphorylation sites on PBP: one exclusive protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation site at serine 656, two protein kinase C (PKC) sites at serine 796 and serine 1345, a common PKA/PKC site at serine 756, and two extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 sites of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family at threonine 1017 and threonine 1444. Binding of PBP to PPARgamma 1 or retinoid-X-receptor for 9-cis-retinoic acid (RXR) is independent of their phosphorylation states, implying no changes in protein-protein interaction after modification by phosphorylation. Overexpression of RafBXB, an activated upstream kinase of the MAPK signal transduction pathway, exerts a significant additive inductive effect on PBP coactivator function. This effect is significantly diminished by overexpression of RafBXB301, a dominant negative mutant of RafBXB. These results identify phosphorylation as a regulatory modification event of PBP and demonstrate that PBP phosphorylation by Raf/MEK/MAPK cascade exerts a positive effect on PBP coactivator function. The functional role of PKA and PKC phosphorylation sites in PBP remains to be elucidated.


* This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants GM23750 (to J. K. R.), CA84472 (to M. S. R.), KO8 ES00356 and CA-888898 (to Y.-J. Z.), and CA-73647 (to A.-N. T. K.) and by the Joseph L. Mayberry, Sr. Endowment Fund.The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

|| To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Pathology, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL 60611-3008. Tel.: 312-503-8144; Fax: 312-503-8249; E-mail: jkreddy@northwestern.edu.


Copyright © 2002 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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