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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 50, 48745-48754, December 13, 2002
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From the Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
(PPAR)-binding protein (PBP) is an important coactivator for PPAR
Phosphorylation of Transcriptional Coactivator
Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor (PPAR)-binding Protein
(PBP)
STIMULATION OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION BY MITOGEN-ACTIVATED
PROTEIN KINASE*
§,
,
,
,
,
,
Department of Pathology, The Feinberg School
of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
60611-3008, the ¶ Department of Pharmaceutics, College of
Pharmacy, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute,
Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8020, and
§ Discovery Research, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd.,
Miyapur, Hyderabad 500050, India
and other transcription factors. PBP is an integral component of
a multiprotein thyroid hormone receptor-associated protein
(TRAP)/vitamin D3 receptor-interacting protein
(DRIP)/activator-recruited cofactor (ARC) complex required for
transcriptional activity. To study the regulation of PBP by cellular signaling pathways, we identified the phosphorylation sites of
PBP. Using a combination of in vitro and in
vivo approaches and mutagenesis of PBP phosphorylation sites, we
identified six phosphorylation sites on PBP: one exclusive protein
kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation site at serine 656, two protein kinase C
(PKC) sites at serine 796 and serine 1345, a common PKA/PKC site at serine 756, and two extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 sites of
the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family at threonine 1017 and threonine 1444. Binding of PBP to PPAR
1 or retinoid-X-receptor for 9-cis-retinoic acid (RXR) is independent of their phosphorylation states, implying no changes in protein-protein interaction after modification by phosphorylation. Overexpression of RafBXB, an activated upstream kinase of the MAPK signal transduction pathway, exerts a significant additive inductive effect on PBP coactivator function. This effect is significantly diminished by overexpression of
RafBXB301, a dominant negative mutant of RafBXB. These results identify phosphorylation as a regulatory modification event of PBP and
demonstrate that PBP phosphorylation by Raf/MEK/MAPK cascade exerts a
positive effect on PBP coactivator function. The functional role
of PKA and PKC phosphorylation sites in PBP remains to be elucidated.
*
This work was supported by National Institutes of Health
Grants GM23750 (to J. K. R.), CA84472 (to M. S. R.), KO8 ES00356 and CA-888898 (to Y.-J. Z.), and CA-73647 (to A.-N. T. K.) and by
the Joseph L. Mayberry, Sr. Endowment Fund.The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of
Pathology, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL 60611-3008. Tel.: 312-503-8144; Fax:
312-503-8249; E-mail: jkreddy@northwestern.edu.
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