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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M208965200 on October 9, 2002
J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 50, 48949-48959, December 13, 2002
Comparative Genomics of Thiamin Biosynthesis in
Procaryotes
NEW GENES AND REGULATORY MECHANISMS*,
Dmitry A.
Rodionov §,
Alexey G.
Vitreschak¶,
Andrey A.
Mironov , and
Mikhail S.
Gelfand
From the State Scientific Center GosNIIGenetika,
Moscow 113545, Russia, ¶ Institute for Problems of Information
Transmission, Moscow 101447, Russia, and Integrated Genomics,
Moscow, P.O. Pox 348, Moscow 117333, Russia
Vitamin B1 in its
active form thiamin pyrophosphate is an essential coenzyme that is
synthesized by coupling of pyrimidine (hydroxymethylpyrimidine; HMP)
and thiazole (hydroxyethylthiazole) moieties in bacteria. Using
comparative analysis of genes, operons, and regulatory elements, we
describe the thiamin biosynthetic pathway in available bacterial
genomes. The previously detected thiamin-regulatory element,
thi box (Miranda-Rios, J., Navarro, M., and Soberon, M. (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 98, 9736-9741),
was extended, resulting in a new, highly conserved RNA secondary
structure, the THI element, which is widely distributed in
eubacteria and also occurs in some archaea. Search for THI elements and analysis of operon structures identified a large number of
new candidate thiamin-regulated genes, mostly transporters, in various
prokaryotic organisms. In particular, we assign the thiamin transporter
function to yuaJ in the
Bacillus/Clostridium group and the HMP
transporter function to an ABC transporter thiXYZ in some
proteobacteria and firmicutes. By analogy to the model of regulation of
the riboflavin biosynthesis, we suggest thiamin-mediated regulation
based on formation of alternative RNA structures involving the
THI element. Either transcriptional or translational
attenuation mechanism may operate in different taxonomic groups,
dependent on the existence of putative hairpins that either act as
transcriptional terminators or sequester translation initiation sites.
Based on analysis of co-occurrence of the thiamin biosynthetic genes in complete genomes, we predict that eubacteria, archaea, and eukaryota have different pathways for the HMP and hydroxyethylthiazole biosynthesis.
*
This study was partially supported by INTAS Grant
99-1476 and Howard Hughes Medical Institute Grant 55000309.The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
The on-line version of this article (available at
http://www.jbc.org) contains one figure and one table.
§
To whom correspondence should be addressed: State Scientific Center
GosNIIGenetika, Moscow 113545, Russia. Fax: 7-095-315-05-01; E-mail:
rodionov@genetika.ru.
Copyright © 2002 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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Copyright © 2002 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
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