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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M208965200 on October 9, 2002

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 50, 48949-48959, December 13, 2002
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Comparative Genomics of Thiamin Biosynthesis in Procaryotes
NEW GENES AND REGULATORY MECHANISMS*,

Dmitry A. RodionovDagger §, Alexey G. Vitreschak, Andrey A. MironovDagger ||, and Mikhail S. GelfandDagger ||

From the Dagger  State Scientific Center GosNIIGenetika, Moscow 113545, Russia,  Institute for Problems of Information Transmission, Moscow 101447, Russia, and || Integrated Genomics, Moscow, P.O. Pox 348, Moscow 117333, Russia

Vitamin B1 in its active form thiamin pyrophosphate is an essential coenzyme that is synthesized by coupling of pyrimidine (hydroxymethylpyrimidine; HMP) and thiazole (hydroxyethylthiazole) moieties in bacteria. Using comparative analysis of genes, operons, and regulatory elements, we describe the thiamin biosynthetic pathway in available bacterial genomes. The previously detected thiamin-regulatory element, thi box (Miranda-Rios, J., Navarro, M., and Soberon, M. (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 98, 9736-9741), was extended, resulting in a new, highly conserved RNA secondary structure, the THI element, which is widely distributed in eubacteria and also occurs in some archaea. Search for THI elements and analysis of operon structures identified a large number of new candidate thiamin-regulated genes, mostly transporters, in various prokaryotic organisms. In particular, we assign the thiamin transporter function to yuaJ in the Bacillus/Clostridium group and the HMP transporter function to an ABC transporter thiXYZ in some proteobacteria and firmicutes. By analogy to the model of regulation of the riboflavin biosynthesis, we suggest thiamin-mediated regulation based on formation of alternative RNA structures involving the THI element. Either transcriptional or translational attenuation mechanism may operate in different taxonomic groups, dependent on the existence of putative hairpins that either act as transcriptional terminators or sequester translation initiation sites. Based on analysis of co-occurrence of the thiamin biosynthetic genes in complete genomes, we predict that eubacteria, archaea, and eukaryota have different pathways for the HMP and hydroxyethylthiazole biosynthesis.


* This study was partially supported by INTAS Grant 99-1476 and Howard Hughes Medical Institute Grant 55000309.The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

The on-line version of this article (available at http://www.jbc.org) contains one figure and one table.

§ To whom correspondence should be addressed: State Scientific Center GosNIIGenetika, Moscow 113545, Russia. Fax: 7-095-315-05-01; E-mail: rodionov@genetika.ru.


Copyright © 2002 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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