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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M205277200 on October 21, 2002
J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 277, Issue 52, 50386-50395, December 27, 2002
A Dominant-negative p38 MAPK Mutant and Novel Selective
Inhibitors of p38 MAPK Reduce Insulin-stimulated Glucose Uptake in
3T3-L1 Adipocytes without Affecting GLUT4 Translocation*
Romel
Somwar §¶,
Sandra
Koterski ,
Gary
Sweeney **,
Richard
Sciotti ,
Stevan
Djuric ,
Cathy
Berg ,
James
Trevillyan ,
Philipp E.
Scherer ,
Christina M.
Rondinone , and
Amira
Klip §§§
From the Programme in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick
Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, the § Department of
Biochemistry, University of Toronto,
Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada, Diabetes Research,
Pharmaceutical Products Division, Abbott Laboratories, and
 Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein
College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
Participation of p38 mitogen-activated protein
kinase (p38) in insulin-induced glucose uptake was suggested using
pyridinylimidazole p38 inhibitors (e.g. SB203580). However,
the role of p38 in insulin action remains controversial. We further
test p38 participation in glucose uptake using a dominant-negative p38
mutant and two novel pharmacological p38 inhibitors related to but
different from SB203580. We present the structures and activities of
the azaazulene pharmacophores A291077 and A304000. p38 kinase activity was inhibited in vitro by A291077 and A304000
(IC50 = 0.6 and 4.7 µM). At higher
concentrations A291077 but not A304000 inhibited JNK2
(IC50 = 3.5 µM). Pretreatment of 3T3-L1
adipocytes and L6 myotubes expressing GLUT4myc (L6-GLUT4myc myotubes)
with A291077, A304000, SB202190, or SB203580 reduced insulin-stimulated
glucose uptake by 50-60%, whereas chemical analogues inert toward p38 were ineffective. Expression of an inducible, dominant-negative p38
mutant in 3T3-L1 adipocytes reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake.
GLUT4 translocation to the cell surface, immunodetected on plasma
membrane lawns of 3T3-L1 adipocytes or on intact L6-GLUT4myc myotubes,
was not altered by chemical or molecular inhibition of p38. We propose
that p38 contributes to enhancing GLUT4 activity, thereby increasing
glucose uptake. In addition, the azaazulene class of inhibitors
described will be useful to decipher cellular actions of p38 and JNK.
*
This work was supported in part by Research Grant MT1202
from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research (to A. K.) and by Grant IR01-DK55758 from the National Institutes of Health (to P. E. S.).The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
¶
Supported by a doctoral award from the Canadian Institutes for
Health Research.
**
Supported by a joint postdoctoral fellowship from the Banting and
Best Diabetes Centre at the University of Toronto and Novo Nordisk Canada.
§§
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Programme in Cell
Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada. Tel.: 416-813-6392; Fax: 416-813-5028; E-mail: amira@sickkids.ca.
Copyright © 2002 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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Copyright © 2002 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
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