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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M208520200 on October 23, 2002

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 278, Issue 1, 382-390, January 3, 2003
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Betaglycan Expression Is Transcriptionally Up-regulated during Skeletal Muscle Differentiation
CLONING OF MURINE BETAGLYCAN GENE PROMOTER AND ITS MODULATION BY MyoD, RETINOIC ACID, AND TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-beta *

Fernando López-CasillasDagger §, Cecilia Riquelme, Yoshiaki Pérez-KatoDagger , M. Verónica Ponce-CastañedaDagger , Nelson Osses, José Esparza-LópezDagger , Gerardo González-NúñezDagger , Claudio Cabello-Verrugio, Valentín MendozaDagger , Victor Troncoso, and Enrique Brandan§||

From the Dagger  Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-246, México City, D.F., 04510, México and the  Centro de Regulación Celular y Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millenium Institute for Fundamental and Applied Biology, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile

Betaglycan is a membrane-anchored proteoglycan co-receptor that binds transforming growth factor beta  (TGF-beta ) via its core protein and basic fibroblast growth factor through its glycosaminoglycan chains. In this study we evaluated the expression of betaglycan during the C2C12 skeletal muscle differentiation. Betaglycan expression, as determined by Northern and Western blot, was up-regulated during the conversion of myoblasts to myotubes. The mouse betaglycan gene promoter was cloned, and its sequence showed putative binding sites for SP1, Smad3, Smad4, muscle regulatory factor elements such as MyoD and MEF2, and retinoic acid receptor. Transcriptional activity of the mouse betaglycan promoter reporter was also up-regulated in differentiating C2C12 cells. We found that MyoD, but not myogenin, stimulated this transcriptional activity even in the presence of high serum. Betaglycan promoter activity was increased by RA and inhibited by the three isoforms of TGF-beta . On the other hand, basic fibroblast growth factor, BMP-2, and hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor, which are inhibitors of myogenesis, had little effect. In myotubes, up-regulated betaglycan was also detectable by TGF-beta affinity labeling and immunofluorescence microscopy studies. The latter indicated that betaglycan was localized both on the cell surface and in the ECM. Forced expression of betaglycan in C2C12 myoblasts increases their responsiveness to TGF-beta 2, suggesting that it performs a TGF-beta presentation function in this cell lineage. These results indicate that betaglycan expression is up-regulated during myogenesis and that MyoD and RA modulate its expression by a mechanism that is independent of myogenin.


* This work was supported in part by FONDAP-Biomedicine Grant 13980001 (to E. B.). The Millenium Institute for Fundamental and Applied Biology is financed in part by the Ministerio de Planificación y Cooperación (Chile).The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

The nucleotide sequence(s) reported in this paper has been submitted to the GenBankTM/EBI Data Bank with accession number(s) AF537325.

§ Supported in part by International Research Scholars grants from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

|| Recipient of a Presidential Chair in Science from the Chilean Government. To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile. Fax: 56-2-635-5395; E-mail: ebrandan@genes.bio.puc.cl.


Copyright © 2003 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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