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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 278, Issue 1, 471-478, January 3, 2003
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From the Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) stimulates
insulin secretion and augments
Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Signaling Modulates
Cell
Apoptosis*
§¶,§
,,
Department of Medicine, Banting and Best
Diabetes Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto,
Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada, and the ** Louis-Jeantet Research
Laboratories, University Medical Centre,
1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
cell mass via activation of cell
proliferation and islet neogenesis. We examined whether GLP-1
receptor signaling modifies the cellular susceptibility to apoptosis.
Mice administered streptozotocin (STZ), an agent known to induce cell apoptosis, exhibit sustained improvement in glycemic control and
increased levels of plasma insulin with concomitant administration of
the GLP-1 agonist exendin-4 (Ex-4). Blood glucose remained
significantly lower for weeks after cessation of exendin-4. STZ induced
cell apoptosis, which was significantly reduced by
co-administration of Ex-4. Conversely, mice with a targeted disruption
of the GLP-1 receptor gene exhibited increased cell apoptosis after
STZ administration. Exendin-4 directly reduced cytokine-induced
apoptosis in purified rat cells exposed to interleukin 1, tumor
necrosis fator 
, and interferon 
in vitro.
Furthermore, Ex-4-treated BHK-GLP-1R cells exhibited significantly
increased cell viability, reduced caspase activity, and decreased
cleavage of -catenin after treatment with cycloheximide in
vitro. These findings demonstrate that GLP-1 receptor signaling
directly modifies the susceptibility to apoptotic injury, and
provides a new potential mechanism linking GLP-1 receptor activation to
preservation or enhancement of cell mass in
vivo.
*
This work was partially supported by grants from the
Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF 2000-559 to D. J. D. and JDRF 4-1999-844 to P. A. H.), the Canadian Diabetes Association and
Ontario Research and Development Challenge Fund (to D. J. D.), and by
the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant 3200-061776.00 to
P. A. H.).The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
Supported by a Novo Nordisk-Banting and Best Diabetes Centre studentship.
Supported by a Senior Scientist Award (Canadian Institutes of
Health Research). To whom correspondence should be addressed: Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth St. MBRW4R-402, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada. Tel.:416-340-4125; Fax: 416-978-4108; E-mail: d.drucker@utoronto.ca.
Copyright © 2003 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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