JBC Anatrace, Inc.

HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M209423200 on October 29, 2002

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 278, Issue 1, 471-478, January 3, 2003
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow All Versions of this Article:
278/1/471    most recent
M209423200v1
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Li, Y.
Right arrow Articles by Drucker, D. J.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Li, Y.
Right arrow Articles by Drucker, D. J.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati  
What's this?

Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Signaling Modulates beta  Cell Apoptosis*

Yazhou LiDagger §, Tanya HansotiaDagger §||, Bernardo YustaDagger , Frederic Ris**, Philippe A. Halban**, and Daniel J. DruckerDagger Dagger

From the Dagger  Department of Medicine, Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada, and the ** Louis-Jeantet Research Laboratories, University Medical Centre, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) stimulates insulin secretion and augments beta  cell mass via activation of beta  cell proliferation and islet neogenesis. We examined whether GLP-1 receptor signaling modifies the cellular susceptibility to apoptosis. Mice administered streptozotocin (STZ), an agent known to induce beta  cell apoptosis, exhibit sustained improvement in glycemic control and increased levels of plasma insulin with concomitant administration of the GLP-1 agonist exendin-4 (Ex-4). Blood glucose remained significantly lower for weeks after cessation of exendin-4. STZ induced beta  cell apoptosis, which was significantly reduced by co-administration of Ex-4. Conversely, mice with a targeted disruption of the GLP-1 receptor gene exhibited increased beta  cell apoptosis after STZ administration. Exendin-4 directly reduced cytokine-induced apoptosis in purified rat beta  cells exposed to interleukin 1beta , tumor necrosis fator alpha , and interferon gamma  in vitro. Furthermore, Ex-4-treated BHK-GLP-1R cells exhibited significantly increased cell viability, reduced caspase activity, and decreased cleavage of beta -catenin after treatment with cycloheximide in vitro. These findings demonstrate that GLP-1 receptor signaling directly modifies the susceptibility to apoptotic injury, and provides a new potential mechanism linking GLP-1 receptor activation to preservation or enhancement of beta  cell mass in vivo.

* This work was partially supported by grants from the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF 2000-559 to D. J. D. and JDRF 4-1999-844 to P. A. H.), the Canadian Diabetes Association and Ontario Research and Development Challenge Fund (to D. J. D.), and by the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant 3200-061776.00 to P. A. H.).The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

§ These authors contributed equally to this work.

Supported by a postdoctoral fellowship Award from the Canadian Diabetes Association.

|| Supported by a Novo Nordisk-Banting and Best Diabetes Centre studentship.

Dagger Dagger Supported by a Senior Scientist Award (Canadian Institutes of Health Research). To whom correspondence should be addressed: Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth St. MBRW4R-402, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada. Tel.:416-340-4125; Fax: 416-978-4108; E-mail: d.drucker@utoronto.ca.

Copyright © 2003 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Complore Complore   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 DiabetesHome page
K. M. Picha, M. R. Cunningham, D. J. Drucker, A. Mathur, T. Ort, M. Scully, A. Soderman, T. Spinka-Doms, V. Stojanovic-Susulic, B. A. Thomas, et al.
Protein Engineering Strategies for Sustained Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor-Dependent Control of Glucose Homeostasis
Diabetes, July 1, 2008; 57(7): 1926 - 1934.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CirculationHome page
K. Ban, M. H. Noyan-Ashraf, J. Hoefer, S.-S. Bolz, D. J. Drucker, and M. Husain
Cardioprotective and Vasodilatory Actions of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Are Mediated Through Both Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor-Dependent and -Independent Pathways
Circulation, May 6, 2008; 117(18): 2340 - 2350.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
M. Y. Donath, J. Storling, L. A. Berchtold, N. Billestrup, and T. Mandrup-Poulsen
Cytokines and {beta}-Cell Biology: from Concept to Clinical Translation
Endocr. Rev., May 1, 2008; 29(3): 334 - 350.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
M. Salehi, B. A. Aulinger, and D. A. D'Alessio
Targeting {beta}-Cell Mass in Type 2 Diabetes: Promise and Limitations of New Drugs Based on Incretins
Endocr. Rev., May 1, 2008; 29(3): 367 - 379.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
M. Ferdaoussi, S. Abdelli, J.-Y. Yang, M. Cornu, G. Niederhauser, D. Favre, C. Widmann, R. Regazzi, B. Thorens, G. Waeber, et al.
Exendin-4 Protects {beta}-Cells From Interleukin-1{beta}-Induced Apoptosis by Interfering With the c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase Pathway
Diabetes, May 1, 2008; 57(5): 1205 - 1215.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
L. Thomas, M. Eckhardt, E. Langkopf, M. Tadayyon, F. Himmelsbach, and M. Mark
(R)-8-(3-Amino-piperidin-1-yl)-7-but-2-ynyl-3-methyl-1-(4-methyl-quinazolin-2-ylmethyl)-3,7-dihydro-purine-2,6-dione (BI 1356), a Novel Xanthine-Based Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitor, Has a Superior Potency and Longer Duration of Action Compared with Other Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., April 1, 2008; 325(1): 175 - 182.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
Z. Liu and J. F. Habener
Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Activation of TCF7L2-dependent Wnt Signaling Enhances Pancreatic Beta Cell Proliferation
J. Biol. Chem., March 28, 2008; 283(13): 8723 - 8735.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am J Health Syst PharmHome page
D. Q. Pham, A. Nogid, and R. Plakogiannis
Sitagliptin: A novel agent for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm., March 15, 2008; 65(6): 521 - 531.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
I. Hadjiyanni, L. L. Baggio, P. Poussier, and D. J. Drucker
Exendin-4 Modulates Diabetes Onset in Nonobese Diabetic Mice
Endocrinology, March 1, 2008; 149(3): 1338 - 1349.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Mol EndocrinolHome page
M. S. Winzell and B. Ahren
Durable islet effects on insulin secretion and protein kinase A expression following exendin-4 treatment of high-fat diet-fed mice
J. Mol. Endocrinol., February 1, 2008; 40(2): 93 - 100.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
J. E. Ayala, D. P. Bracy, T. Hansotia, G. Flock, Y. Seino, D. H. Wasserman, and D. J. Drucker
Insulin Action in the Double Incretin Receptor Knockout Mouse
Diabetes, February 1, 2008; 57(2): 288 - 297.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
M. Y. Donath, D. M. Schumann, M. Faulenbach, H. Ellingsgaard, A. Perren, and J. A. Ehses
Islet Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes: From metabolic stress to therapy
Diabetes Care, February 1, 2008; 31(Supplement_2): S161 - S164.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
I. Hadjiyanni and D. J. Drucker
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 and Type 1 Diabetes: NOD Ready for Prime Time?
Endocrinology, November 1, 2007; 148(11): 5133 - 5135.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
N. A. Sherry, W. Chen, J. A. Kushner, M. Glandt, Q. Tang, S. Tsai, P. Santamaria, J. A. Bluestone, A.-M. B. Brillantes, and K. C. Herold
Exendin-4 Improves Reversal of Diabetes in NOD Mice Treated with Anti-CD3 Monoclonal Antibody by Enhancing Recovery of {beta}-Cells
Endocrinology, November 1, 2007; 148(11): 5136 - 5144.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
R. D. Wideman, S. D. Covey, G. C. Webb, D. J. Drucker, and T. J. Kieffer
A Switch From Prohormone Convertase (PC)-2 to PC1/3 Expression in Transplanted {alpha}-Cells Is Accompanied by Differential Processing of Proglucagon and Improved Glucose Homeostasis in Mice
Diabetes, November 1, 2007; 56(11): 2744 - 2752.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Physiol. Rev.Home page
J. J. Holst
The Physiology of Glucagon-like Peptide 1
Physiol Rev, October 1, 2007; 87(4): 1409 - 1439.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
B. L. Wajchenberg
{beta}-Cell Failure in Diabetes and Preservation by Clinical Treatment
Endocr. Rev., April 1, 2007; 28(2): 187 - 218.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Genes Dev.Home page
R. K. Gupta, N. Gao, R. K. Gorski, P. White, O. T. Hardy, K. Rafiq, J. E. Brestelli, G. Chen, C. J. Stoeckert Jr., and K. H. Kaestner
Expansion of adult beta-cell mass in response to increased metabolic demand is dependent on HNF-4{alpha}
Genes & Dev., April 1, 2007; 21(7): 756 - 769.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Exp. Med.Home page
K. V. Tarbell, L. Petit, X. Zuo, P. Toy, X. Luo, A. Mqadmi, H. Yang, M. Suthanthiran, S. Mojsov, and R. M. Steinman
Dendritic cell-expanded, islet-specific CD4+ CD25+ CD62L+ regulatory T cells restore normoglycemia in diabetic NOD mice
J. Exp. Med., January 22, 2007; 204(1): 191 - 201.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
M. A. Hussain, D. L. Porras, M. H. Rowe, J. R. West, W.-J. Song, W. E. Schreiber, and F. E. Wondisford
Increased Pancreatic {beta}-Cell Proliferation Mediated by CREB Binding Protein Gene Activation
Mol. Cell. Biol., October 15, 2006; 26(20): 7747 - 7759.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 The Annals of PharmacotherapyHome page
B. K. Yoo, D. M. Triller, and D. J. Yoo
Exenatide: A New Option for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Ann. Pharmacother., October 1, 2006; 40(10): 1777 - 1784.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
R. D. Wideman, I. L. Y. Yu, T. D. Webber, C. B. Verchere, J. D. Johnson, A. T. Cheung, and T. J. Kieffer
Improving function and survival of pancreatic islets by endogenous production of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)
PNAS, September 5, 2006; 103(36): 13468 - 13473.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.Home page
P. L. BRUBAKER
The Glucagon-Like Peptides: Pleiotropic Regulators of Nutrient Homeostasis
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., July 1, 2006; 1070(1): 10 - 26.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
J. Buteau, M. L. Spatz, and D. Accili
Transcription Factor FoxO1 Mediates Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Effects on Pancreatic {beta}-Cell Mass.
Diabetes, May 1, 2006; 55(5): 1190 - 1196.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
J. A. Koehler and D. J. Drucker
Activation of glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor signaling does not modify the growth or apoptosis of human pancreatic cancer cells.
Diabetes, May 1, 2006; 55(5): 1369 - 1379.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
F. Ranta, D. Avram, S. Berchtold, M. Dufer, G. Drews, F. Lang, and S. Ullrich
Dexamethasone induces cell death in insulin-secreting cells, an effect reversed by exendin-4.
Diabetes, May 1, 2006; 55(5): 1380 - 1390.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
M. C. Riddle and D. J. Drucker
Emerging Therapies Mimicking the Effects of Amylin and Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
Diabetes Care, February 1, 2006; 29(2): 435 - 449.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
J. Taneera, A. Rosengren, E. Renstrom, J. M. Nygren, P. Serup, P. Rorsman, and S. E. W. Jacobsen
Failure of Transplanted Bone Marrow Cells to Adopt a Pancreatic {beta}-Cell Fate
Diabetes, February 1, 2006; 55(2): 290 - 296.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
S. Park, X. Dong, T. L. Fisher, S. Dunn, A. K. Omer, G. Weir, and M. F. White
Exendin-4 Uses Irs2 Signaling to Mediate Pancreatic beta Cell Growth and Function
J. Biol. Chem., January 13, 2006; 281(2): 1159 - 1168.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Physiol. GenomicsHome page
D. D. De Leon, C. Farzad, M. F. Crutchlow, J. Brestelli, J. Tobias, K. H. Kaestner, and D. A. Stoffers
Identification of transcriptional targets during pancreatic growth after partial pancreatectomy and exendin-4 treatment
Physiol Genomics, January 12, 2006; 24(2): 133 - 143.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
M. Y. Donath, J. A. Ehses, K. Maedler, D. M. Schumann, H. Ellingsgaard, E. Eppler, and M. Reinecke
Mechanisms of {beta}-Cell Death in Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes, December 1, 2005; 54(suppl_2): S108 - S113.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 PhysiologyHome page
E. M Sinclair and D. J. Drucker
Proglucagon-Derived Peptides: Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Potential
Physiology, October 1, 2005; 20(5): 357 - 365.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Physiol. Rev.Home page
L. Bouwens and I. Rooman
Regulation of Pancreatic Beta-Cell Mass
Physiol Rev, October 1, 2005; 85(4): 1255 - 1270.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Mol EndocrinolHome page
E. D'Amico, H. Hui, N. Khoury, U. Di Mario, and R. Perfetti
Pancreatic {beta}-cells expressing GLP-1 are resistant to the toxic effects of immunosuppressive drugs
J. Mol. Endocrinol., April 1, 2005; 34(2): 377 - 390.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J EndocrinolHome page
G Uckaya, P Delagrange, A Chavanieu, G Grassy, M-F Berthault, A Ktorza, E Cerasi, G Leibowitz, and N Kaiser
Improvement of metabolic state in an animal model of nutrition-dependent type 2 diabetes following treatment with S 23521, a new glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogue
J. Endocrinol., March 1, 2005; 184(3): 505 - 513.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
Y. Li, X. Cao, L.-X. Li, P. L. Brubaker, H. Edlund, and D. J. Drucker
{beta}-Cell Pdx1 Expression Is Essential for the Glucoregulatory, Proliferative, and Cytoprotective Actions of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1
Diabetes, February 1, 2005; 54(2): 482 - 491.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Sci SignalHome page
G. G. Holz and O. G. Chepurny
Diabetes Outfoxed by GLP-1?
Sci. Signal., January 25, 2005; 2005(268): pe2 - pe2.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
A. K. Bose, M. M. Mocanu, R. D. Carr, C. L. Brand, and D. M. Yellon
Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Can Directly Protect the Heart Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Diabetes, January 1, 2005; 54(1): 146 - 151.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
L. L. Baggio, J.-G. Kim, and D. J. Drucker
Chronic Exposure to GLP-1R Agonists Promotes Homologous GLP-1 Receptor Desensitization In Vitro but Does Not Attenuate GLP-1R-Dependent Glucose Homeostasis In Vivo
Diabetes, December 1, 2004; 53(suppl_3): S205 - S214.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
C. F. Deacon
Therapeutic Strategies Based on Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
Diabetes, September 1, 2004; 53(9): 2181 - 2189.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
L. L. Baggio, Q. Huang, T. J. Brown, and D. J. Drucker
A Recombinant Human Glucagon-Like Peptide (GLP)-1-Albumin Protein (Albugon) Mimics Peptidergic Activation of GLP-1 Receptor-Dependent Pathways Coupled With Satiety, Gastrointestinal Motility, and Glucose Homeostasis
Diabetes, September 1, 2004; 53(9): 2492 - 2500.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
P. E. MacDonald, J. W. Joseph, D. Yau, J. Diao, Z. Asghar, F. Dai, G. Y. Oudit, M. M. Patel, P. H. Backx, and M. B. Wheeler
Impaired Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion, Enhanced Intraperitoneal Insulin Tolerance, and Increased {beta}-Cell Mass in Mice Lacking the p110{gamma} Isoform of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase
Endocrinology, September 1, 2004; 145(9): 4078 - 4083.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
L. M. Dickson and C. J. Rhodes
Pancreatic {beta}-cell growth and survival in the onset of type 2 diabetes: a role for protein kinase B in the Akt?
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, August 1, 2004; 287(2): E192 - E198.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
J. J. Holst and J. Gromada
Role of incretin hormones in the regulation of insulin secretion in diabetic and nondiabetic humans
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, August 1, 2004; 287(2): E199 - E206.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
Y. Hu, L. Riesland, A. J. Paterson, and J. E. Kudlow
Phosphorylation of Mouse Glutamine-Fructose-6-phosphate Amidotransferase 2 (GFAT2) by cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Increases the Enzyme Activity
J. Biol. Chem., July 16, 2004; 279(29): 29988 - 29993.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Physiol.Home page
S. A. Hinke, K. Hellemans, and F. C. Schuit
Plasticity of the {beta} cell insulin secretory competence: preparing the pancreatic {beta} cell for the next meal
J. Physiol., July 15, 2004; 558(2): 369 - 380.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
N. Ogawa, J. F. List, J. F. Habener, and T. Maki
Cure of Overt Diabetes in NOD Mice by Transient Treatment With Anti-Lymphocyte Serum and Exendin-4
Diabetes, July 1, 2004; 53(7): 1700 - 1705.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
D.-Q. Tang, L.-Z. Cao, B. R. Burkhardt, C.-Q. Xia, S. A. Litherland, M. A. Atkinson, and L.-J. Yang
In Vivo and In Vitro Characterization of Insulin-Producing Cells Obtained From Murine Bone Marrow
Diabetes, July 1, 2004; 53(7): 1721 - 1732.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
J. F. List and J. F. Habener
Glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists and the development and growth of pancreatic {beta}-cells
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, June 1, 2004; 286(6): E875 - E881.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
D. A. D'Alessio and T. P. Vahl
Glucagon-like peptide 1: evolution of an incretin into a treatment for diabetes
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, June 1, 2004; 286(6): E882 - E890.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
P. L. Brubaker and D. J. Drucker
Minireview: Glucagon-Like Peptides Regulate Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in the Pancreas, Gut, and Central Nervous System
Endocrinology, June 1, 2004; 145(6): 2653 - 2659.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
T. Hansotia, L. L. Baggio, D. Delmeire, S. A. Hinke, Y. Yamada, K. Tsukiyama, Y. Seino, J. J. Holst, F. Schuit, and D.J. Drucker
Double Incretin Receptor Knockout (DIRKO) Mice Reveal an Essential Role for the Enteroinsular Axis in Transducing the Glucoregulatory Actions of DPP-IV Inhibitors
Diabetes, May 1, 2004; 53(5): 1326 - 1335.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
D. M. Harlan
Gene-Altered Islets for Transplant: Giant Leap or Small Step?
Endocrinology, February 1, 2004; 145(2): 463 - 466.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
D. J. Drucker
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and the Islet {beta}-Cell: Augmentation of Cell Proliferation and Inhibition of Apoptosis
Endocrinology, December 1, 2003; 144(12): 5145 - 5148.
[Ful