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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 278, Issue 1, 545-555, January 3, 2003
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From the INSERM U 36 Collège de France Paris,
75005 Paris, France
Endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE) is a membrane
metalloprotease that generates endothelin from its direct precursor big
endothelin. Four isoforms of ECE-1 are produced from a single
gene through the use of alternate promoters. These isoforms share the
same extracellular catalytic domain and contain unique cytosolic tails, which results in their specific subcellular targeting. We
investigated the distribution of ECE-1 isoforms in transfected AtT-20
neuroendocrine cells. Whereas ECE-1a and 1c were present at the plasma
membrane, ECE-1b and ECE-1d were retained inside the cells. We found
that both intracellular isoforms were concentrated in the endosomal system: ECE-1d in recycling endosomes, and ECE-1b in late
endosomes/multivesicular bodies. Leucine-based motifs were involved in
the intracellular retention of these isoforms, and the targeting of
ECE-1b to the degradation pathway required an additional signal in the
N terminus. The concentration of ECE-1 isoforms in the endosomal system
suggested new functions for these enzymes. Potential novel functions
include redistribution of other isoforms through direct interaction. We have showed that ECE-1 isoforms could heterodimerize, and that in such
heterodimers the ECE-1b targeting signal was dominant. Interaction of a
plasma membrane isoform with ECE-1b resulted in its intracellular
localization and decreased its extracellular activity. These
data demonstrated that the targeting signals specific for ECE-1b
constitute a regulatory domain per se that could modulate the localization and the activity of other isoforms.
Heterodimerization of Endothelin-converting Enzyme-1 Isoforms
Regulates the Subcellular Distribution of This Metalloprotease*
,
*
The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
To whom correspondence should be addressed: INSERM U36,
Collège de France, 11 Place M.Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France.
Tel: 33-1-44-27-14-29; Fax: 33-1-44-27-16-91; E-mail:
laurent.muller@college-de-france.fr.
§
Present address: Dept. of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural,
Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of
Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
¶
Present address: AXOVAN AG, Gewerbestrasse 16, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland.
Copyright © 2003 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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