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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M210115200 on December 16, 2002
J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 278, Issue 10, 8725-8732, March 7, 2003
HIV-1 Nef Stabilizes the Association of Adaptor
Protein Complexes with Membranes*
Katy
Janvier §,
Heather
Craig§¶,
Douglas
Hitchin¶,
Ricardo
Madrid ,
Nathalie
Sol-Foulon ,
Louis
Renault**,
Jacqueline
Cherfils**,
Dan
Cassel ,
Serge
Benichou §§, and
John
Guatelli¶¶¶
From the Institut Cochin, Department of Infectious
Diseases, INSERM U567-CNRS UMR8104, Universite Paris V, 24 Rue du
Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France, the ¶ San Diego
Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92121, the Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France,
the ** Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurales,
CNRS, 91198 Gif/Yvette, France, the
 Institute Curie, UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm,
75248 Paris Cedex 05, France, and the ¶¶ Department of
Medicine, University of California,
La Jolla, California 92093-0679
The maximal virulence of HIV-1
requires Nef, a virally encoded peripheral membrane protein. Nef binds
to the adaptor protein (AP) complexes of coated vesicles, inducing an
expansion of the endosomal compartment and altering the surface
expression of cellular proteins including CD4 and class I major
histocompatibility complex. Here, we show that Nef stabilizes
the association of AP-1 and AP-3 with membranes. These complexes
remained with Nef on juxtanuclear membranes despite the treatment of
cells with brefeldin A, which induced the release of ADP-ribosylation
factor 1 (ARF1) from these membranes to the cytosol. Nef also induced a
persistent association of AP-1 and AP-3 with membranes despite the
expression of dominant-negative ARF1 or the overexpression of an
ARF1-GTPase activating protein. Mutational analysis indicated that the
direct binding of Nef to the AP complexes is essential for this
stabilization. The leucine residues of the EXXXLL
motif found in Nef were required for binding to AP-1 and AP-3 in
vitro and for the stabilization of these complexes on membranes
in vivo, whereas the glutamic acid residue of this motif
was required specifically for the binding and stabilization of AP-3.
These data indicate that Nef mediates the persistent attachment of AP-1
and AP-3 to membranes by an ARF1-independent mechanism. The
stabilization of these complexes on membranes may underlie the
pleiotropic effects of Nef on protein trafficking within the endosomal system.
*
This work was supported by grants from Agence Nationale de
Recherche sur le SIDA and SIDACTION, Association pour la
Recherche contre le Cancer subvention number 4244, National Institutes
of Health Grant AI38201, Universitywide AIDS Research Program of the
University of California Grant RD98-SD-051, University of California,
San Diego, Center for AIDS Research National Institutes of Health Grant
AI36214, the Research Center of AIDS and HIV Infection of the San Diego
Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and National Center for Microscopy and
Imaging Resource at the University of California, San Diego, National
Institutes of Health Grant RR04050.The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
§
Contributed equally to the results of this work.
§§
Co-senior author. To whom correspondence may be addressed: INSERM
U567, CNRS UMR8104, Universite Paris V, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France. Tel.: 33-1-40-51-65-78; Fax: 33-1-40-51-65-70; E-mail: benichou@cochin.inserm.fr.

Co-senior author. To whom correspondence may be
addressed: University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La
Jolla, CA 92093-0679. Tel.: 858-552-7439; Fax: 858-552-7445; E-mail: jguatelli@ucsd.edu.
Copyright © 2003 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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