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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M207542200 on December 23, 2002

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 278, Issue 11, 9052-9057, March 14, 2003
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Differential Regulation of Amidase- and Formamidase-mediated Ammonia Production by the Helicobacter pylori Fur Repressor*

Arnoud H. M. van VlietDagger §, Jeroen StoofDagger , Sophie W. PoppelaarsDagger , Stefan Bereswill, Georg Homuth||, Manfred Kist, Ernst J. KuipersDagger , and Johannes G. KustersDagger

From the Dagger  Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands, the  Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, and the || Institute for Microbiology, University of Greifswald, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany

The production of high levels of ammonia allows the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori to survive the acidic conditions in the human stomach. H. pylori produces ammonia through urease-mediated degradation of urea, but it is also able to convert a range of amide substrates into ammonia via its AmiE amidase and AmiF formamidase enzymes. Here data are provided that demonstrate that the iron-responsive regulatory protein Fur directly and indirectly regulates the activity of the two H. pylori amidases. In contrast to other amidase-positive bacteria, amidase and formamidase enzyme activities were not induced by medium supplementation with their respective substrates, acrylamide and formamide. AmiE protein expression and amidase enzyme activity were iron-repressed in H. pylori 26695 but constitutive in the isogenic fur mutant. This regulation was mediated at the transcriptional level via the binding of Fur to the amiE promoter region. In contrast, formamidase enzyme activity was not iron-repressed but was significantly higher in the fur mutant. This effect was not mediated at the transcriptional level, and Fur did not bind to the amiF promoter region. These roles of Fur in regulation of the H. pylori amidases suggest that the H. pylori Fur regulator may have acquired extra functions to compensate for the absence of other regulatory systems.


* This work was supported by in part by Grants 901-14-206 and DN93-340 from the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (to A. H. M. v. V. and J. G. K.), respectively, and Grant Ki201/9-1 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (to M. K.).The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

§ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rm. L-455, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Tel.: 31-10-4635944; Fax: 31-10-4632793; E-mail: a.h.m.vanvliet{at}erasmusmc.nl.


Copyright © 2003 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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