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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M212881200 on January 16, 2003
J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 278, Issue 12, 10436-10442, March 21, 2003
Proteome Analysis Reveals Phosphorylation of ATP Synthase
-Subunit in Human Skeletal Muscle and Proteins with Potential
Roles in Type 2 Diabetes*
Kurt
Højlund ,
Krzysztof
Wrzesinski§,
Peter Mose
Larsen§,
Stephen J.
Fey§,
Peter
Roepstorff¶,
Aase
Handberg ,
Flemming
Dela ,
Jørgen
Vinten**,
James G.
McCormack ,
Christine
Reynet , and
Henning
Beck-Nielsen §§
From the Diabetes Research Centre, Department
of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C
§ Centre for Proteome Analysis and ¶ Department of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark,
DK-5230 Odense M, Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Department
of Medical Physiology and ** Department of Physiology,
Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, N DK-2200 Copenhagen N,
and  Novo Nordisk A/S,
DK-2880 Bagsværd, Denmark
Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is a
hallmark feature of type 2 diabetes. An increasing number of enzymes
and metabolic pathways have been implicated in the development of
insulin resistance. However, the primary cellular cause of insulin
resistance remains uncertain. Proteome analysis can quantitate a large
number of proteins and their post-translational modifications
simultaneously and is a powerful tool to study polygenic diseases like
type 2 diabetes. Using this approach on human skeletal muscle biopsies, we have identified eight potential protein markers for type 2 diabetes
in the fasting state. The observed changes in protein expression
indicate increased cellular stress, e.g. up-regulation of
two heat shock proteins, and perturbations in ATP (re)synthesis and
mitochondrial metabolism, e.g. down-regulation of ATP
synthase -subunit and creatine kinase B, in skeletal muscle of
patients with type 2 diabetes. Phosphorylation appears to play a key,
potentially coordinating role for most of the proteins identified in
this study. In particular, we demonstrated that the catalytic
-subunit of ATP synthase is phosphorylated in vivo and
that the levels of a down-regulated ATP synthase -subunit
phosphoisoform in diabetic muscle correlated inversely with fasting
plasma glucose levels. These data suggest a role for phosphorylation of
ATP synthase -subunit in the regulation of ATP synthesis and that
alterations in the regulation of ATP synthesis and cellular stress
proteins may contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.
*
This work was supported in part by grants from the Danish
Research Agency (Technology by Highly Oriented Research) (9700893), the
Danish Diabetes Association, the Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, and the Danish National Research Foundation (504-14). Part of this work was performed in the frame of
the Danish Biotechnology Instrument Centre.The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
§§
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Diabetes Research
Centre, Dept. of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Kloevervaenget 6, Odense C DK-5000, Denmark. Tel.: 45-65-41-34-44; Fax:
45-65-91-96-53; E-mail: henning.beck-nielsen@ouh.fyns-amt.dk.
Copyright © 2003 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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Copyright © 2003 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
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