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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 278, Issue 14, 12085-12093, April 4, 2003
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From the Departments of AU-rich elements (AREs), located in the
3'-untranslated region of unstable cytokine and chemokine mRNAs,
promote rapid decay of otherwise stable mRNAs and may mediate selective
mRNA stabilization in response to stimulation with interleukin-1
(IL-1). AREs vary considerably, however, in both size and sequence
context. To assess the heterogeneity involved in control of mRNA
stability by ARE motifs, human mRNA sequences from IL-1
Heterogeneity in Control of mRNA Stability by AU-rich
Elements*
,
,
**
Immunology and ¶ Cancer
Biology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, the
§ Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology,
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada, and the
Department of Biological and Medical Research, King Faisal
Specialist Hospital and Research Center,
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
-stimulated
HEK293 cells and T98G cells were screened for either instability or
stability using both cDNA (950 ARE containing sequences) and Affymetrix oligonucleotide (U95Av2 GeneChip) array analysis. Although
ARE-containing mRNAs exhibited a broad range of stability, IL-1
promoted stability in a subset of mRNAs that were unstable when
transcriptionally induced by tumor necrosis factor
. Stabilization
of granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor and IL-8 mRNAs by
IL-1
was achieved only after 2 h of stimulation, required
ongoing protein synthesis, and depended on the activation of p38
MAPK. In contrast, stabilization of Gro3 mRNA in response to
IL-1
was achieved immediately and was insensitive to inhibitors of
protein synthesis and p38 MAPK activation. In concert, these findings
demonstrate that ARE sequences are functionally heterogeneous; only a
subset of unstable mRNAs is sensitive to stabilization by IL-1
.
Moreover, IL-1
promotes stabilization of unstable mRNAs through
distinct mechanistic pathways that distinguish between specific mRNA sequences.
*
This work was supported by United States Public Health
Services Grants CA39621 and CA62220 and by an award from the American Heart Association.The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
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