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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M211849200 on January 22, 2003

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 278, Issue 14, 12294-12304, April 4, 2003
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Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein Sensitizes Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha -Induced Apoptosis by Inhibiting the NF-kappa B Survival Pathway*

Wen-Shu WuDagger , Zhi-Xiang XuDagger , Walter N. Hittelman§, Paolo Salomoni, Pier Paolo Pandolfi, and Kun-Sang ChangDagger ||

From the Departments of Dagger  Molecular Pathology and § Clinical Investigation, the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030 and the  Department of Human Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021

The promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) is a growth/tumor suppressor essential for induction of apoptosis by diverse apoptotic stimuli. The mechanism by which PML regulates cell death remains unclear. In this study we found that ectopic expression of PML potentiates cell death by apoptosis in the tumor necrosis factor alpha  (TNFalpha )-resistant cell line U2OS and other cell lines. Treatment with TNFalpha significantly sensitized these cells to apoptosis in a p53-independent manner. PML/TNFalpha -induced cell death is associated with DNA fragmentation, activation of caspase-3, -7, and -8, and degradation of DNA fragmentation factor/inhibitor of CAD. PML/TNFalpha -induced cell death could be blocked by the caspase-8 inhibitors CrmA and c-FLIP but not by Bcl-2. These findings indicate that this cell death event is initiated through the death receptor-dependent apoptosis pathway. PML is a transcriptional repressor of NF-kappa B by interacting with RelA/p65 and prevents its binding to the cognate enhancer through the C terminus. Coimmunoprecipitation and double-color immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that PML physically interacts with RelA/p65 in vivo and the two proteins colocalized at the endogenous levels. Overexpression of NF-kappa B rescued cell death induced by PML/TNFalpha . Furthermore, PML-/- mouse embryo fibroblasts are more resistant to TNFalpha -induced apoptosis. Together this study defines a novel mechanism by which PML induces apoptosis through repression of the NF-kappa B survival pathway.


* This work was supported by Grant CA 55577 from the National Institutes of Health (to K.-S. C.).The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

|| To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Molecular Pathology, the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 89, Houston, TX 77030. Tel.: 713-792-2581; Fax: 713-794-4672; E-mail: kchang@mail.mdanderson.org.


Copyright © 2003 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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