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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 278, Issue 14, 12335-12343, April 4, 2003
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From INSERM U135, Hormones, Gènes, and Reproduction,
Hôpital de Bicêtre, 78 rue du Général
Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
SUMO-1 (small ubiquitin-like modifier)
conjugation regulates the subcellular localization, stability, and
activity of a variety of proteins. We show here that SUMO-1
overexpression markedly enhances progesterone receptor (PR)-mediated
gene transcription. PR undergoes a sumoylation at lysine 388 located in
its N-terminal domain. However, sumoylation of the receptor is not
responsible for enhanced transcription because substitution of its
target lysine did not abolish the effect of SUMO-1 and even converted the receptor into a slightly more active transactivator. Furthermore estrogen receptor
Sumoylation of the Progesterone Receptor and of the Steroid
Receptor Coactivator SRC-1*
,
(ER
)-driven transcription is also enhanced by
SUMO-1 overexpression contrasting with the absence of sumoylation of
this receptor. We thus analyzed SUMO-1 conjugation to the steroid receptor coactivator SRC-1. We showed that this protein contains two
major sites of conjugation at Lys-732 and Lys-774. Sumoylation was
shown to increase PR-SRC-1 interaction and to prolong SRC-1 retention
in the nucleus. It did not prevent SRC-1 ubiquitinylation and did not
exert a clear effect on the stability of the protein. Overexpression of
SUMO-1 enhanced PR-mediated gene transcription even in the presence of
non-sumoylated mutants of SRC-1. This observation suggests that
among the many protein partners involved in steroid hormone-mediated
gene regulation several are probably targets of SUMO-1 modification.
*
This work was supported by INSERM, the Association pour la
Recherche sur le Cancer, the Ligue contre le Cancer, the Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, and the Fondation pour la Recherche
Médicale.The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
Present address: CNRS UPR9079, Oncogénèse,
différenciation et Transduction du signal, Institut André
Lwoff, 7 rue Guy Môquet, 94800 Villejuif, France.
§
Supported by the Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer.
¶
To whom correspondence should be addressed: INSERM U 135 Hormones, Gènes et Reproduction, Hôpital de Bicêtre,
78 rue du Général Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre
cedex, France. Tel.: 33-1-45-21-33-29; Fax: 33-1-45-21-27-51; E-mail:
u135@kb.inserm.fr.
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