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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 278, Issue 16, 14134-14145, April 18, 2003
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From the We address the specific role of cytoplasmic
Ca2+ overload as a cell death trigger by expressing a
receptor-operated specific Ca2+ channel, vanilloid receptor
subtype 1 (VR1), in Jurkat cells. Ca2+ uptake through the
VR1 channel, but not capacitative Ca2+ influx stimulated by
the muscarinic type 1 receptor, induced sustained intracellular
[Ca2+] rises, exposure of phosphatidylserine, and cell
death. Ca2+ influx was necessary and sufficient to induce
mitochondrial damage, as assessed by opening of the permeability
transition pore and collapse of the mitochondrial membrane
potential. Ca2+-induced cell death was inhibited by
ruthenium red, protonophore carbonyl cyanide
m-chlorophenylhydrazone, or cyclosporin A treatment, as
well as by Bcl-2 expression, indicating that this process
requires mitochondrial calcium uptake and permeability transition pore opening. Cell death occurred without caspase activation,
oligonucleosomal/50-kilobase pair DNA cleavage, or release of
cytochrome c or apoptosis inducer factor from mitochondria,
but it required oxidative/nitrative stress. Thus, Ca2+
influx triggers a distinct program of mitochondrial dysfunction leading
to paraptotic cell death, which does not fulfill the criteria for
either apoptosis or necrosis.
Calcium Influx through Receptor-operated Channel Induces
Mitochondria-triggered Paraptotic Cell Death*,
,
§,
,
,
, and
Instituto de Biología y
Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Facultad de
Medicina, Ramón y Cajal 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain and the
¶ Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de
Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco,
28049 Madrid, Spain
*
This work was supported by grants from Ministerio de Ciencia
y Tecnología/European Union and Plan Nacional de
Investigación Científica, Desarrollo e Innovación
Tecnológica (FEDER, 1FD97-1725-C02-01 and C02-02) and
Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología, Spain,
Grant SAF2000-0118-C03-02).The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
The on-line version of this article (available at
http://www.jbc.org) contains a video file.
§
Recipient of a fellowship from the Spanish Ministerio de
Ciencia y Tecnología.
To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.:
34-983-423000 (ext. 4589); E-mail: mizdo@ibgm.uva.es.
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