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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M212720200 on February 27, 2003

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 278, Issue 19, 16973-16981, May 9, 2003
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The K+ Channel KZM1 Mediates Potassium Uptake into the Phloem and Guard Cells of the C4 Grass Zea mays*

Katrin PhilipparDagger , Kai BüchsenschützDagger , Maike Abshagen§, Ines FuchsDagger , Dietmar GeigerDagger , Benoit LacombeDagger , and Rainer HedrichDagger ||

From the Dagger  Julius-von-Sachs-Institut, Lehrstuhl Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie und Biophysik, Universität Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg and § Zentrum für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Leibnizstrasse 11, D-24098 Kiel, Germany

In search of K+ channel genes expressed in the leaf of the C4 plant Zea mays, we isolated the cDNA of KZM1 (for K+ channel Zea mays 1). KZM1 showed highest similarity to the Arabidopsis K+ channels KAT1 and KAT2, which are localized in guard cells and phloem. When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, KZM1 exhibited the characteristic features of an inward-rectifying, potassium-selective channel. In contrast to KAT1- and KAT2-type K+ channels, however, KZM1 currents were insensitive to external pH changes. Northern blot analyses identified the leaf, nodes, and silks as sites of KZM1 expression. Following the separation of maize leaves into epidermal, mesophyll, and vascular fractions, quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR allowed us to localize KZM1 transcripts predominantly in vascular strands and the epidermis. Cell tissue separation and KZM1 localization were followed with marker genes such as the bundle sheath-specific ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, the phloem K+ channel ZMK2, and the putative sucrose transporter ZmSUT1. When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, ZmSUT1 mediated proton-coupled sucrose symport. Coexpression of ZmSUT1 with the phloem K+ channels KZM1 and ZMK2 revealed that ZMK2 is able to stabilize the membrane potential during phloem loading/unloading processes and KZM1 to mediate K+ uptake. During leaf development, sink-source transitions, and diurnal changes, KZM1 is constitutively expressed, pointing to a housekeeping function of this channel in K+ homeostasis of the maize leaf. Therefore, the voltage-dependent K+-uptake channel KZM1 seems to mediate K+ retrieval and K+ loading into the phloem as well as K+-dependent stomatal opening.

* This work was supported in part by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (to R. H.).The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

Supported by an EMBO long term fellowship. Present address: Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 Agro-M/CNRS/INRA/UMII, Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 1, France.

|| To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 49-931- 888-6101; Fax: 49-931-888-6158; E-mail: hedrich@botanik.uni- wuerzburg.de.

Copyright © 2003 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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