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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M207264200 on November 4, 2002

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 278, Issue 2, 732-738, January 10, 2003
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Thyroid Hormone Receptor DNA Binding Is Required for Both Positive and Negative Gene Regulation*

Nobuyuki ShibusawaDagger , Anthony N. Hollenberg§, and Fredric E. WondisfordDagger

From the Dagger  Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 and § Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215

The beta  isoform of thyroid hormone receptor (TR-beta ) has a key role in the feedback regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (H-P-T) axis. The mechanism of trans-repression of the hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) subunit genes, however, remains poorly understood. A number of distinct mechanisms for TR-beta -mediated negative regulation by thyroid hormone have been proposed, including those that require and do not require DNA binding. To clarify the importance of DNA binding in negative regulation, we constructed a DNA-binding mutant of TR-beta in which two amino acids within the P box were altered (GSG for EGG) to resemble that found in the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). We termed this mutant GS125, and as expected, it displayed low binding affinities for positive and negative thyroid hormone-response element (pTRE and nTRE, respectively) in gel-mobility shift assays. In transient transfection assays, the GS125 mutant abolished transactivation on three classic pTREs (DR+4, LAP, and PAL) and all negatively regulated promoters in the H-P-T axis (TRH, TSH-beta , and TSH-alpha ). However, GS125 TR-beta bound to a composite TR/GR-response element and was fully functional on this hybrid TR/GR-response element. Moreover, the GS125 TR-beta mutant displayed normal interactions with transcriptional cofactors in mammalian two-hybrid assays. These data do not support a DNA-binding independent mechanism for thyroid hormone negative regulation in the H-P-T axis.


* The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

To whom correspondence should be addressed: Section of Endocrinology, Dept. of Medicine, the University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC 1027, Chicago, IL 60637. Tel.: 773-702-6217; Fax: 773-834-0486.


Copyright © 2003 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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