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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 278, Issue 21, 18990-18996, May 23, 2003

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Tpn1p, the Plasma Membrane Vitamin B₆ Transporter of Saccharomyces cerevisiae^*

Jürgen Stolz  and Martin Vielreicher

From the Lehrstuhl für Zellbiologie und Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany

Pyridoxine (PN) is a metabolic precursor of pyridoxal phosphate that functions as a cofactor of many enzymes in amino acid metabolism. PN, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine are collectively referred to as vitamin B₆, and mammalian organisms depend on its uptake from the diet. In addition to the ability to use extracellular vitamin B₆, most unicellular organisms are also capable of synthesizing PN to generate pyridoxal phosphate. Here, we report the isolation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants that have lost the ability to transport PN across the plasma membrane. We used these mutants to isolate TPN1, the first known gene encoding a transport protein for vitamin B₆. Tpn1p is a member of the purine-cytosine permease family within the major facilitator superfamily. The protein functions as a proton symporter, localizes to the plasma membrane, and has high affinity for PN. TPN1 mutants lost the ability to utilize extracellular PN, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine, showing that there is no other transporter for vitamin B₆ encoded in the genome. Amino acid substitutions that led to a loss of Tpn1p function localized to transmembrane domain 4 within the 12-transmembrane domain protein. Moreover, expression of TPN1 was regulated and increased with decreasing concentrations of vitamin B₆ in the medium. We also provide evidence that of the highly conserved SNZ and SNO genes in S. cerevisiae, only the protein encoded by SNZ1 is required for vitamin B₆ biosynthesis.

Received for publication, January 28, 2003 , and in revised form, March 12, 2003.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 49-941-943-3005; Fax: 49-941-943-3352; E-mail: juergen.stolz{at}biologie.uni-regensburg.de.

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