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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 278, Issue 25, 22726-22733, June 20, 2003

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A Novel Guanylin Family (Guanylin, Uroguanylin, and Renoguanylin) in Eels

POSSIBLE OSMOREGULATORY HORMONES IN INTESTINE AND KIDNEY^*

Shinya Yuge , Koji Inoue, Susumu Hyodo and Yoshio Takei

From the Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Nakano, Tokyo 164-8639, Japan

As the intestine is an essential organ for fish osmoregulation, the intestinal hormone guanylins may perform major functions, especially in euryhaline fish such as eels and salmonids. From the intestine of an eel, we identified cDNAs encoding three distinct guanylin-like peptides. Based on the sequence of mature peptide and sites of production, we named them guanylin, uroguanylin, and renoguanylin. Renoguanylin is a novel peptide that possesses the characteristics of both guanylin and uroguanylin and was abundantly expressed in the kidney. By immunohistochemistry, guanylin was localized exclusively in goblet cells, but not enterochromaffin cells, of the intestine. After transfer of eels from fresh water to seawater, mRNA expression of guanylin and uroguanylin did not change for 3 h, but it increased after 24 h. The increase was profound (2–6-fold) after adaptation to seawater. The expression of uroguanylin was also up-regulated in the kidney of seawater-adapted eels, but that of renoguanylin was not so prominent as other guanylins in both intestine and kidney. Collectively, the novel eel guanylin family appears to have important functions for seawater adaptation, particularly long-term adaptation. Eel guanylin may be secreted from goblet cells into the lumen with mucus in response to increased luminal osmolality and act on the epithelium to regulate water and salt absorption.

Received for publication, March 26, 2003

The nucleotide sequence(s) reported in this paper has been submitted to the GenBank^TM/EBI Data Bank with accession number(s) AB080640, AB080642, and AB080641.

^* This work was supported in part by grants-in-aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (A) (13304063) (to Y. T.) and for Creative Basic Research (12NP0201) from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

To whom correspondence should be addressed: Laboratory of Physiology, Ocean Research Inst., The University of Tokyo, 1-15-1 Minamidai, Nakano, Tokyo 164-8639, Japan. Tel.: 81-3-5351-6464; Fax: 81-3-5351-6463; E-mail: yuge{at}ori.u-tokyo.ac.jp.

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