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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 278, Issue 29, 26410-26417, July 18, 2003

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Biosynthesis of dTDP-3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxy--D-galactose in Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus L420-91^T*

Andreas Pfoestl , Andreas Hofinger , Paul Kosma  and Paul Messner  ¶

From the Zentrum für Ultrastrukturforschung und Ludwig Boltzmann-Institut für Molekulare Nanotechnologie, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, A-1180 Wien, Austria and Institut für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, A-1190 Wien, Austria

The glycan chain of the S-layer protein of Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus L420-91^T (DSM 10154) consists of D-rhamnose and 3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxy-D-galactose (D-Fucp3NAc). Thymidine diphosphate-activated D-Fucp3NAc serves as precursor for the assembly of structural polysaccharides in Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. The biosynthesis of dTDP-3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxy--D-galactose (dTDP-D-Fucp3NAc) involves five enzymes. The first two steps of the reaction are catalyzed by enzymes that are part of the well studied dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthetic pathway, namely D-glucose-1-phosphate thymidyltransferase (RmlA) and dTDP-D-glucose-4,6-dehydratase (RmlB). The enzymes catalyzing the last three synthesis reactions have not been characterized biochemically so far. These steps include an isomerase, a transaminase, and a transacetylase. We identified all five genes involved by chromosome walking in the Gram-positive organism A. thermoaerophilus L420-91^T and overexpressed the three new enzymes heterologously in Escherichia coli. The activities of these enzymes were monitored by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, and the intermediate products formed were characterized by ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis. Alignment of the newly identified proteins with known sequences revealed that the elucidated pathway in this Gram-positive organism may also be valid in the biosynthesis of the O-antigen of lipopolysaccharides of Gram-negative organisms. The key enzyme in the biosynthesis of dTDP-D-Fucp3NAc has been identified as an isomerase, which converts the 4-keto educt into the 3-keto product, with concomitant epimerization at C-4 to produce a 6-deoxy-D-xylo configuration. This is the first report of the functional characterization of the biosynthesis of dTDP-D-Fucp3NAc and description of a novel type of isomerase capable of synthesizing dTDP-6-deoxy-D-xylohex-3-ulose from dTDP-6-deoxy-D-xylohex-4-ulose.

Received for publication, January 27, 2003 , and in revised form, May 9, 2003.

The nucleotide sequence(s) reported in this paper has been submitted to the GenBank^TM/EBI Data Bank with accession number(s) AY205257.

^* This work was supported by the Austrian Science Fund Grant P14209-MOB (to P. M.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

^¶ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Zentrum für Ultrastrukturforschung und Ludwig Boltzmann-Institut für Molekulare Nanotechnologie, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 33, A-1180 Wien, Austria. Tel.: 43-1-47654-2202; Fax: 43-1-4789112; E-mail: paul.messner{at}boku.ac.at.

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