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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 278, Issue 31, 28659-28667, August 1, 2003

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Prostaglandin E₂ Stimulates Bone Sialoprotein (BSP) Expression through cAMP and Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Response Elements in the Proximal Promoter of the Rat BSP Gene^*

Hiroshi Samoto   ¶, Emi Shimizu   ¶, Yuko Matsuda-Honjyo , Ryoichiro Saito ||, Sumi Nakao  **, Muneyoshi Yamazaki  ||, Shunsuke Furuyama  , Hiroshi Sugiya  , Jaro Sodek  and Yorimasa Ogata   ¶¶

From the Periodontology, ^||Endodontics, ^**Pharmacology, Physiology, and Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research Group in Matrix Dynamics, Faculty of Dentistry and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E2, Canada

Bone sialoprotein (BSP), an early marker of osteoblast differentiation, has been implicated in the nucleation of hydroxyapatite during de novo bone formation. Prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) has anabolic effects on proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts via diverse signal transduction systems. Because PGE₂ increases the proportion of functional osteoblasts in fetal rat calvarial cell cultures, we investigated the regulation of BSP, as an osteoblastic marker, by PGE₂. Treatment of rat osteosarcoma UMR 106 cells with 3 µM, 300 nM, and 30 nM PGE₂ increased the steady state levels of BSP mRNA about 2.7-, 2.5-, and 2.4-fold after 12 h. From transient transfection assays, the constructs including the promoter sequence of nucleotides (nt) –116 to +60 (pLUC3) were found to enhance transcriptional activity 3.8- and 2.2-fold treated with 3 µM and 30 nM PGE₂ for 12 h. 2-bp mutations were made in an inverted CCAAT box (between nt –50 and –46), a cAMP response element (CRE; between nt –75 and –68), a fibroblast growth factor 2 response element (FRE; nt –92 to –85), and a pituitary-specific transcription factor-1 motif (between nt –111 and –105) within pLUC3 and pLUC7 constructs. Transcriptional stimulation by PGE₂ was almost completed abrogated in constructs that included 2-bp mutations in either the CRE and FRE. In gel shift analyses an increased binding of nuclear extract components to double-stranded oligonucleotide probes containing CRE and FRE was observed following treatment with PGE₂. These studies show that PGE₂ induces BSP transcription in UMR 106 cells through juxtaposed CRE and FRE elements in the proximal promoter of the BSP gene.

Received for publication, January 21, 2003 , and in revised form, May 16, 2003.

^* This work was supported in part by Grants-in-aid for Scientific Research 09771650, 12671865, 14571988, and 14571989 from the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture of Japan, by Nihon University Multidisciplinary Research Grant for 2002 and 2003, by a Suzuki Memorial Grant of Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo (General Individual Research Grant for 2002 and Research Grant for Assistants for 2003), and by a Grant from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology to promote the 2001 Multidisciplinary Research Project. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

^¶ These authors contributed equally to this work.

^¶¶ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan. Tel.: 81-47-360-9362; Fax: 81-47-360-9362; E-mail: ogata{at}mascat.nihon-u.ac.jp.

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