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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 278, Issue 33, 30417-30420, August 15, 2003

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A Globin in the Nucleus!^*,

Eva Geuens, Inge Brouns, Daisy Flamez, Sylvia Dewilde , Jean-Pierre Timmermans and Luc Moens 

From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium

Cytoglobin and neuroglobin are recently discovered members of the globin family. In situ hybridization localized neuroglobin mainly in brain and retina, while cytoglobin was expressed ubiquitously in all analyzed tissues. In the present study, polyclonal antibodies were raised against both proteins and the distribution of them was studied by immunocytochemistry at tissue and subcellular level. Cytoglobin immunoreactivity was uniformly distributed and found in all tissues studied. At the subcellular level, cytoglobin immunoreactivity was exclusively detected in the cell nucleus. In contrast, neuroglobin immunoreactivity was detected in specific brain regions with varying intensities and in the islet of Langerhans in the pancreas. The immunoreactivity was restricted to the cytoplasm of neurons and endocrine beta cells. The nuclear localization of cytoglobin opens new perspectives for possible function(s) of globin-folded proteins as transcriptional regulators.

Received for publication, May 14, 2003 , and in revised form, June 6, 2003.

^* This work was supported by a grant from European Union (OLG-CT-2002-01548 ("Neuroglobin and the Survival of the Neuron") (to L. M.)). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

The on-line version of this article (available at http://www.jbc.org) contains a supplemental figure.

Post-doctoral fellow of the Fund of Scientific Research-Flanders (FWO).

To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. Tel.: 32-3-820-2323; Fax: 32-820-2248; E-mail: luc.moens{at}ua.ac.be.

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