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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 278, Issue 37, 35354-35361, September 12, 2003
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¶
From the
Departments of Medicine, Molecular
Biology, and Pharmacology and the
Department of
Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St.
Louis, Missouri 63110
Recent studies demonstrate that members of the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) form oligomers both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanisms by which GPCRs oligomerize and the roles of accessory proteins in this process are not well understood. We used disulfide-trapping experiments to show that C5a receptors, expressed in mammalian cells, reside in membranes as oligomers (Klco, J. M., Lassere, T. B., and Baranski, T. J. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 3534535353). To begin to address how C5a receptors form oligomers, we now use fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiments on human C5a receptors expressed in the lower eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae. C5a receptors tagged with variants of the green fluorescent protein display energy transfer in intact yeast, demonstrating that mammalian accessory proteins are not required for C5a receptor oligomerization. In both intact yeast cells and membrane preparations, agonist does not affect FRET efficiency, and little energy transfer is observed between the C5a receptor and a co-expressed yeast pheromone receptor (encoded by STE2), indicating that C5a receptor oligomerization is both receptor-specific and constitutive. FRET studies performed on fractionated membranes demonstrate similar levels of energy transfer between tagged C5a receptors in endoplasmic reticulum compared with plasma membrane, and urea washing of membranes has little effect on the extent of energy transfer. The oligomerization of C5a receptors expressed in yeast displays characteristics similar to those observed for other GPCRs studied in mammalian cells. This model system should prove useful for further studies to define mechanisms of oligomerization of mammalian GPCRs.
Received for publication, May 28, 2003
* The research was supported in part by grants from the Edward J. Mallinckrodt, Jr. Foundation (to T. J. B.), American Cancer Society Grant IRG-58-010-43 (to T. J. B.), the Culpeper Award, the Rockefeller Brothers Fund (to T. J. B.), National Institutes of Health Grant GM63720-01 (to T. J. B.), and a PhRMA predoctoral fellowship award (to S. P. B.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
¶ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Depts. of Medicine, Molecular Biology, and Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8103, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110. Tel.: 314-747-3997; Fax: 314-362-7058; E-mail: baranski{at}pcg.wustl.edu.
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