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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 278, Issue 41, 39509-39516, October 10, 2003

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Concomitant Increase of Histone Acetyltransferase Activity and Degradation of p300 during Retinoic Acid-induced Differentiation of F9 Cells^*

Franck Brouillard  and Chantal E. Cremisi 

From the Unité Propre de Recherche 9079, CNRS, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut Andre Lwoff, 7 rue Guy Moquet, 94800 Villejuif, France

The p300 and closely related CBP histone acetyltransferases (HAT) function as global transcriptional co-activators that play roles in many cell differentiation and signal transduction pathways. Despite their similarities, p300 and CBP have distinct functions during retinoic acid-induced differentiation of mouse F9 embryonal carcinoma cells. F9 cells constitute a well established model system for investigating the first steps of early development and retinoic acid signaling ex vivo. p300, but not CBP, was shown to be essential for F9 differentiation. In this study we have investigated the regulation of p300 during F9 differentiation. We report a dramatic decrease of p300, but not CBP protein levels, after 48 h of retinoic acid treatment. p300 is degraded via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Although the large majority of p300 is degraded, its global HAT activity stays constant during F9 differentiation, which means that its specific HAT activity increases considerably. p300 is strongly phosphorylated in both undifferentiated and differentiated F9 cells; its HAT activity, however, is independent of phosphorylation before differentiation and becomes dependent on phosphorylation during differentiation. Furthermore, we show that protein kinase A affects p300 HAT activity both in vivo and in vitro as well as p300 phosphorylation in differentiated cells. Thus, we show that p300 is differentially phosphorylated in undifferentiated versus differentiated cells and that the changes in phosphorylation affect its HAT activity. Moreover, our study suggests an explanation for the functional switch of p300-mediated repression versus activation during F9 differentiation.

Received for publication, July 3, 2003 , and in revised form, July 24, 2003.

^* This work was supported by grants from La Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer and the CNRS. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

Supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 33-1-49-58-33-27; Fax: 33-1-49-58-33-32; E-mail: cremisi{at}vjf.cnrs.fr.

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