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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 278, Issue 44, 43110-43113, October 31, 2003

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Iron Requirement for GAL Gene Induction in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae^*

Xiaoli Shi, Kate Chabarek, Alice Budai, and Zhiwu Zhu

From the Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064

Iron is an essential nutrient. Its deficiency hinders the synthesis of ATP and DNA. We report that galactose metabolism is defective when iron availability is restricted. Our data support this connection because 1) galactose-mediated induction of GAL promoter-dependent gene expression was diminished by iron limitation, and 2) iron-deficient mutants grew slowly on galactose-containing medium. These two defects were immediately corrected by iron replacement. Inherited defects in human galactose metabolism are characteristic of the disease called galactosemia. Our findings suggest that iron-deficient galactosemic individuals might be more severely compromised than iron-replete individuals. This work shows that iron homeostasis and galactose metabolism are linked with one another.

Received for publication, July 1, 2003 , and in revised form, August 21, 2003.

^* This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant MCB-9807786 (to Z. Z.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 831-459-3987; Fax: 831-459-3524; E-mail: zhu{at}biology.ucsc.edu.

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