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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 278, Issue 46, 46146-46154, November 14, 2003

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Energetics of the Cooperative Assembly of Cell Division Protein FtsZ and the Nucleotide Hydrolysis Switch^*

Sonia Huecas and José Manuel Andreu

From the Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain

FtsZ is the first protein recruited to the bacterial division site, where it forms the cytokinetic Z ring. We have determined the functional energetics of FtsZ assembly, employing FtsZ from the thermophilic Archaea Methanococcus jannaschii bound to GTP, GMPCPP, GDP, or GMPCP, under different solution conditions. FtsZ oligomerizes in a magnesium-insensitive manner. FtsZ cooperatively assembles with magnesium and GTP or GMPCPP into large polymers, following a nucleated condensation polymerization mechanism, under nucleotide hydrolyzing and non-hydrolyzing conditions. The effect of temperature on the critical concentration indicates polymer elongation with an apparent heat capacity change of -800 ± 100 cal mol^-1 K^-1 and positive enthalpy and entropy changes, compatible with axial hydrophobic contacts of each FtsZ in the polymer, and predicts optimal polymer stability near 75 °C. Assembly entails the binding of one medium affinity magnesium ion and the uptake of one proton per FtsZ. Interestingly, GDP- or GMPCP-liganded FtsZ cooperatively form helically curved polymers, with an elongation only 1-2 kcal mol^-1 more unfavorable than the straight polymers formed with nucleotide triphosphate, suggesting a physiological requirement for FtsZ polymerization inhibitors. This GTP hydrolysis switch should provide the basic properties for FtsZ polymer disassembly and its functional dynamics.

Received for publication, July 3, 2003 , and in revised form, August 6, 2003.

^* This work was supported in part by MCyT Grants BIO99-0859-C03-02/BIO2002-03665, CAM Programa de Grupos Estratégicos, and Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa FIS C03/14. This work was presented at a Workshop on Bacterial Cell Division (71), Juan March Centre for International Meetings on Biology (2002) Vol. 146, p. 72, Madrid. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: 34-91-5360432; E-mail: sonia{at}cib.csic.es or j.m.andreu{at}cib.csic.es.

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