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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M308448200 on September 24, 2003

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 278, Issue 49, 49378-49385, December 5, 2003
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Direct Transcriptional Regulation of RelB by 1{alpha},25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and Its Analogs

PHYSIOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS FOR DENDRITIC CELL FUNCTION*

Xiangyang Dong{ddagger}§, Theodore Craig{ddagger}, Nianzeng Xing{ddagger}, Lori A. Bachman{ddagger}, Carlos V. Paya||**, Falk Weih{ddagger}{ddagger}, David J. McKean**, Rajiv Kumar{ddagger}, and Matthew D. Griffin{ddagger}§§

From the {ddagger}Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Mayo Proteomics Research Center, the ||Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, and the **Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905 and the {ddagger}{ddagger}Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe 76021, Germany

The nuclear factor-{kappa}B (NF-{kappa}B) protein RelB plays a unique role in dendritic cell (DC) function and, as such, is an important regulator of antigen presentation and immune regulation. In this study, inhibition of RelB expression in DCs exposed to an analog of the active form of vitamin D3 (1{alpha},25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1{alpha},25-(OH)2D3)) was observed and shown to be mediated by the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Potential vitamin D response elements were identified within promoter regions of human and mouse relB genes. In gel shift experiments, these motifs specifically bound VDR·retinoid X receptor-{alpha} complexes. Reporter assays confirmed that transcriptional activity of human and mouse relB promoters was inhibited by 1{alpha},25-(OH)2D3 agonists in a DC-derived cell line. The inhibition was abolished by mutagenesis of the putative vitamin D response elements and was enhanced by overexpression of VDR. Mutagenesis of NF-{kappa}B response elements within the relB promoter did not affect the magnitude of 1{alpha},25-(OH)2D3 analog-mediated inhibition, ruling out an indirect effect on NF-{kappa}B signaling. Glucocorticoid caused additional inhibition of relB promoter activity when combined with the 1{alpha},25-(OH)2D3 analog. This effect was dependent on the integrity of the NF-{kappa}B response elements, suggesting separate regulatory mechanisms for the two steroid pathways on this promoter. We conclude that relB is a direct target for 1{alpha},25-(OH)2D3-mediated negative transcriptional regulation via binding of VDR·retinoid X receptor-{alpha} to discrete DNA motifs. This mechanism has important implications for the inhibitory effect of 1{alpha},25-(OH)2D3 on DC maturation and for the potential immunotherapeutic use of 1{alpha},25-(OH)2D3 analogs alone or combined with other agents.


Received for publication, August 1, 2003 , and in revised form, September 22, 2003.

* This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grant DK59505 (to M. D. G.) and Grants DK25409 and DK58546 (to R. K.) and by the Mayo Foundation CR75 Program (to M. D. G.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

§ Supported by National Institutes of Health Training Grant T32DK07013 (to the Mayo Foundation Division of Nephrology).

§§ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Internal Medicine, Div. of Nephrology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Charlton 10 Transplant Center, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905. Tel.: 507-266-6953; Fax: 507-266-1069; E-mail: griffin.matthew{at}mayo.edu.


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