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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 278, Issue 51, 51685-51692, December 19, 2003

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The Retinoic Acid-responsive Proline-rich Protein Is Identified in Promyeloleukemic HL-60 Cells^*

Takeshi Inagaki, Satoru Suzuki, Takahide Miyamoto, Teiji Takeda, Koh Yamashita, Ai Komatsu, Keishi Yamauchi, and Kiyoshi Hashizume

From the Department of Aging Medicine and Geriatrics, Institute on Aging and Adaptation, Division of Medicine, Shinshu University Graduate School, 3-1-1, Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan

To identify new genes that retinoic acid activates, we employed an mRNA differential display technique and screened for genes that are differentially expressed in promyeloleukemic HL-60 cells incubated in the presence of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) compared with the absence of ATRA. We cloned the coding region of a retinoic acid-induced gene from a human thymus library, which was the mRNA encoding the 666-amino acid human homologue of mouse proline-rich protein 76. We have designated it RARP1 (retinoic acid response proline-rich protein 1). Transcription of an 2.4-kbp mRNA occurred mainly in organs with immune functions, such as thymus, spleen, and peripheral leukocytes. Cycloheximide blocked the ATRA-induced expression. In megakaryocyte-like human erythroleukemia HEL cells, the amount of RARP1 mRNA was high, but it was low in human T-lymphoblastoid Jurkat cells. A specific antibody against RARP1 recognized a 110-kDa protein, which accumulates after incubation of HL-60 cells with ATRA. In immunohistochemical experiments, strong RARP1 staining was observed in the megakaryocytes of bone marrow and spleen, and heterogeneous stain was seen in thymus. Transcriptional studies showed that RARP1 expression impaired the transactivation through activator protein1 and serum responseelement in all cell lines we checked, whereas it did not affect the transactivation through cAMP-response element in the same cell lines. Further analysis demonstrated that proline-rich regions of RARP1 are the functional regions regulated for suppression of activator protein1 transactivation. These data suggest that ATRA-inducible RARP1 selectively affects signal transduction and may contribute to myeloid and megakaryocytic differentiation.

Received for publication, July 23, 2003 , and in revised form, September 2, 2003.

The nucleotide sequence(s) reported in this paper has been submitted to the DDBJ/GenBank^TM/EBI Data Bank with accession number(s) AB085852.

^* The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Aging Medicine and Geriatrics, Shinshu University Graduate School, 3-1-1, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan. Tel.: 81-263-37-2686; Fax: 81-263-37-2710; E-mail: soutaro{at}hsp.md.shinshu-u.ac.jp.

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