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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 278, Issue 6, 3606-3614, February 7, 2003
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From the The angiotensin II (Ang II) type 2 (AT2) receptor is an atypical seven-transmembrane
domain receptor. Controversy surrounding this receptor concerns both
the nature of the second messengers produced as well as its associated
signaling mechanisms. Using the neuronal cell line NG108-15, we have
reported previously that activation of the AT2 receptor
induced morphological differentiation in a
p21ras-independent, but
p42/p44mapk-dependent mechanism.
The activation of p42/p44mapk was delayed,
sustained, and had been shown to be essential for neurite elongation.
In the present report, we demonstrate that activation of the
AT2 receptor rapidly, but transiently, activated the
Rap1/B-Raf complex of signaling proteins. In RapN17- and
Rap1GAP-transfected cells, the effects induced by Ang II were
abolished, demonstrating that activation of these proteins was
responsible for the observed p42/p44mapk
phosphorylation and for morphological differentiation. To assess whether cAMP was involved in the activation of Rap1/B-Raf and neuronal
differentiation induced by Ang II, NG108-15 cells were treated with
stimulators or inhibitors of the cAMP pathway. We found that dibutyryl
cAMP and forskolin did not stimulate Rap1 or
p42/p44mapk activity. Furthermore, adding H-89,
an inhibitor of protein kinase A, or Rp-8-Br-cAMP-S, an inactive cAMP
analog, failed to impair p42/p44mapk activity
and neurite outgrowth induced by Ang II. The present observations
clearly indicate that cAMP, a well known stimulus of neuronal
differentiation, did not participate in the AT2 receptor signaling pathways in the NG108-15 cells. Therefore, the
AT2 receptor of Ang II activates the signaling modules of
Rap1/B-Raf and p42/p44mapk via a
cAMP-independent pathway to induce morphological differentiation of
NG108-15 cells.
Cyclic AMP-independent Involvement of Rap1/B-Raf in the
Angiotensin II AT2 Receptor Signaling Pathway in NG108-15
Cells*
§¶
,
,
§**¶¶
Service of Endocrinology and the
§ Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of
Medicine, University of Sherbrooke,
Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
*
This work was supported in part by grants from the Canadian
Institute for Heath Research (to N. G.-P. and M. D. P.).The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article
must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
These authors contributed equally to this work.
**
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Service of
Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12th
Ave., Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada. Tel.: 819-564-5243; Fax: 819-564-5292; E-mail: Nicole.Gallo_Payet@USherbrooke.ca.
¶¶
Holder of the Canadian Research Chair in endocrinology
of the adrenal gland.
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