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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 278, Issue 8, 6323-6329, February 21, 2003
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From the Department of Molecular Medicine and Institute of
Biotechnology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San
Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78245
Efficient repair of DNA double-strand breaks
depends on the intact signaling cascade, comprising molecules
involved in DNA damage signal pathways and checkpoints. Budding yeast
Rad9 (scRad9) is required for activation of scRad53 (mammalian homolog
Chk2) and transduction of the signal further downstream in this
pathway. In the search for a mammalian homolog, three proteins in the
human data base, including BRCA1, 53BP1, and nuclear factor with BRCT domains protein 1 (NFBD1), were found to share significant homology with the BRCT motifs of scRad9. Because BRCA1 and 53BP1 are involved in
DNA damage responses, a similar role for NFBD1 was tested. We show that
NFBD1 is a 250-kDa nuclear protein containing a forkhead-associated motif at its N terminus, two BRCT motifs at its C terminus, and 13 internal repetitions of a 41-amino acid sequence. Five minutes after
NFBD1, a Novel Nuclear Protein with Signature Motifs of FHA and
BRCT, and an Internal 41-Amino Acid Repeat Sequence, Is an Early
Participant in DNA Damage Response*
-irradiation, NFBD1 formed nuclear foci that colocalized with the
phosphorylated form of H2AX and Chk2, two phosphorylation events known
to be involved in early DNA damage response. NFBD1 foci are also
detected in response to camptothecin, etoposide, and
methylmethanesulfonate treatments. Deletion of the forkhead-associated motif or the internal repeats of NFBD1 has no effect on DNA
damage-induced NFBD1 foci formation. Conversely, deletion of the BRCT
motifs abrogates damage-induced NFBD1 foci. Ectopic expression of the BRCT motifs reduced damage-induced NFBD1 foci and compromised phosphorylated Chk2- and phosphorylated H2AX-containing foci. These
results suggest that NFBD1, like BRCA1 and 53BP1, participates in the
early response to DNA damage.
*
This work was supported by National Institutes of Health
Grant CA85605 (to P.-L. C.).The costs of publication of this
article were defrayed in part by the
payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked
"advertisement" in
accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section
1734 solely to indicate this fact.
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Molecular
Medicine and Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Texas Health
Science Center at San Antonio, 15355 Lambda Dr., San
Antonio, TX 78245. Tel.: 210-567-7353; Fax: 210-567-7377; E-mail:
chenp0@uthscsa.edu.
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