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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 278, Issue 9, 6642-6650, February 28, 2003
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,
,
¶
From the The CCAAT box is one of the most common elements
in eukaryotic promoters and is activated by NF-Y, a conserved trimeric
transcription factor with histone-like subunits. Usually one CCAAT
element is present in promoters at positions between
Dipartimento di Biologia Animale,
Università di Modena e Reggio, Via Campi 213/d, 41100 Modena, Italy and § Medizinische Klinik II,
Max-Bürger-Forschungszentrum, Universität Leipzig,
Johannisallee 30, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
60 and
100,
but an emerging class of promoters harbor multiple NF-Y sites. In the triple CCAAT-containing cyclin B2 cell-cycle promoter, all CCAAT boxes,
independently from their NF-Y affinities, are important for function.
We investigated the relationships between NF-Y and p300. Chromatin
immunoprecipitation analysis found that NF-Y and p300 are bound
to the cyclin B2 promoter in vivo and that their binding is
regulated during the cell cycle, positively correlating with promoter
function. Cotransfection experiments determined that the coactivator
acts on all CCAAT boxes and requires a precise spacing between the
three elements. We established the order of in vitro
binding of the three NF-Y complexes and find decreasing affinities from
the most distal Y1 to the proximal Y3 site. Binding of two or three
NF-Y trimers with or without p300 is not cooperative, but association
with the Y1 and Y2 sites is extremely stable. p300 favors the binding
of NF-Y to the weak Y3 proximal site, provided that a correct distance
between the three CCAAT is respected. Our data indicate that the
precise spacing of multiple CCAAT boxes is crucial for coactivator
function. Transient association to a weak site might be a point of
regulation during the cell cycle and a general theme of multiple CCAAT
box promoters.
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