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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 279, Issue 1, 805-811, January 2, 2004
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in Alignment-based Gap Filling for Nonhomologous DNA End Joining in Human Nuclear Extracts*




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From the
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298,
Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, the
Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Laboratory of Structural Biology, NIEHS, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, and the ¶Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
Accurate repair of free radical-mediated DNA double-strand breaks by the nonhomologous end joining pathway requires replacement of fragmented nucleotides in the aligned ends by a gap-filling DNA polymerase. Nuclear extracts of human HeLa cells, supplemented with recombinant XRCC4-DNA ligase IV complex (XRCC4/ligase IV), were capable of accurately rejoining model double-strand break substrates with a 1- or 2-base gap, and the gap-filling step was dependent on XRCC4/ligase IV. To determine what polymerase was responsible for gap filling, end joining was examined in the presence of polyclonal antibodies against each of two prime candidate enzymes, DNA polymerases µ and
, both of which were present in the extracts. For a DNA substrate with partially complementary 3' overhangs and a 2-base gap, antibodies to polymerase
completely eliminated both gap filling and accurate end joining, whereas antibodies to polymerase µ had little effect. Immunodepletion of polymerase
, but not polymerase µ, likewise blocked both gap filling and end joining, and both functions could be restored by addition of recombinant polymerase
. Recombinant polymerase µ, and a truncated polymerase
lacking the Brca1 C-terminal domain, were at least 10-fold less active in restoring gap filling to the immunodepleted extracts, and polymerase
was completely inactive. The results suggest that polymerase
is the primary gap-filling polymerase for accurate nonhomologous end joining, and that the Brca1 C-terminal domain is required for this activity.
Received for publication, July 21, 2003 , and in revised form, October 8, 2003.
* This work was supported by Grant CA40615 from the NCI, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
|| To whom correspondence should be addressed: Virginia Commonwealth University, P. O. Box 980230, Richmond, VA 23298-0230. Tel.: 804-828-9640; Fax: 804-828-8079; E-mail: LPOVIRK{at}hsc.vcu.edu.
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