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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M303857200 on December 15, 2003

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 279, Issue 10, 9440-9450, March 5, 2004
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12/15-Lipoxygenase Activity Mediates Inflammatory Monocyte/Endothelial Interactions and Atherosclerosis in Vivo*

Kelly B. Reilly{ddagger}, Suseela Srinivasan{ddagger}, Melissa E. Hatley{ddagger}, Mary Kim Patricia{ddagger}, Joanne Lannigan§, David T. Bolick{ddagger}, George Vandenhoff{ddagger}, Hong Pei{ddagger}, Rama Natarajan¶, Jerry L. Nadler{ddagger}, and Catherine C. Hedrick{ddagger}||

From the Department of Diabetes, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010 and the §Department of Microbiology and the {ddagger}Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908

We have shown that the 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LO) product 12S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid increases monocyte adhesion to human endothelial cells (EC) in vitro. Recent studies have implicated 12/15-LO in mediating atherosclerosis in mice. We generated transgenic mice on a C57BL/6J (B6) background that modestly overexpressed the murine 12/15-LO gene (designated LOTG). LOTG mice had 2.5-fold elevations in levels of 12S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and a 2-fold increase in expression of 12/15-LO protein in vivo. These mice developed spontaneous aortic fatty streak lesions on a chow diet. Thus, we examined effects of 12/15-LO expression on early events leading to atherosclerosis in these mice. We found that, under basal unstimulated conditions, LOTG EC bound more monocytes than B6 control EC (18 ± 2 versus 7 ± 1 monocytes/field, respectively; p < 0.0001). Inhibition of 12/15-LO activity in LOTG EC using a 12/15-LO ribozyme completely blocked monocyte adhesion in LOTG mice. Thus, 12/15-LO activity is required for monocyte/EC adhesion in the vessel wall. Expression of ICAM-1 in aortic endothelia of LOTG mice was increased severalfold. VCAM-1 expression was not changed. In a series of blocking studies, antibodies to {alpha}4 and {beta}2 integrins in WEHI monocytes blocked monocyte adhesion to both LOTG and B6 control EC. Inhibition of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and connecting segment-1 fibronectin in EC significantly reduced adhesion of WEHI monocytes to LOTG EC. In summary, these data indicate that EC from LOTG mice are "pre-activated" to bind monocytes. Monocyte adhesion in LOTG mice is mediated through {beta}2 integrin and ICAM-1 interactions as well as through VLA-4 and connecting segment-1 fibronectin/VCAM-1 interactions. Thus, 12/15-LO mediates monocyte/EC interactions in the vessel wall in atherogenesis at least in part through molecular regulation of expression of endothelial adhesion molecules.


Received for publication, April 14, 2003 , and in revised form, December 10, 2003.

* This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants R01 HL071141-01 (to C. C. H.), P01 HL55798-08 (to J. L. N., C. C. H., and R. N.), and DK39721 (to J. L. N.); the Iacocca Foundation (to J. L. N.); the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (to J. L. N. and C. C. H.); a Pfizer Atorvastatin research award (to C. C. H.); and the American Heart Association, Mid-Atlantic Affiliate (to C. C. H.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

|| To whom correspondence should be addressed: Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, MR5 Rm. G123, P. O. Box 801394, 415 Lane Rd., Charlottesville, VA 22908. Tel.: 434-982-4065; Fax: 434-924-2828; E-mail: cch6n{at}virginia.edu.


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