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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 279, Issue 10, 9577-9585, March 5, 2004

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Chromatin Contributes to Structural Integrity of Promyelocytic Leukemia Bodies through a SUMO-1-independent Mechanism^*

Christopher H. Eskiw, Graham Dellaire, and David P. Bazett-Jones

From the Programme in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada

Promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein is implicated in transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, DNA repair, and tumor suppression. It is not known, however, whether PML and other components of PML bodies function within the vicinity of the bodies or elsewhere in the nucleoplasm. In this study, we demonstrate that chromatin organization around PML bodies influences their morphology, dynamics, and structural integrity by a SUMO-1-independent mechanism. Following transcriptional inhibition and during early apoptosis, chromatin retracts from the periphery of PML bodies, coinciding with the formation of new PML-containing structures through fission of supramolecular PML-containing microbodies. Both fission and fusion of microbodies with parental PML bodies indicate a loss of structural integrity of the bodies, dependent on the state of the surrounding chromatin. This is supported by the observation that treatment of live cells with DNase I could reproduce the structural instability of PML bodies. In addition, PML bodies, which are normally surrounded by chromatin and are positionally stable, become more dynamic following these treatments, presumably due to the loss of chromatin contacts. Overexpression of SUMO-1, a modification required for PML body formation, did not prevent PML body fission, indicating that chromatin-based integrity of PML body structure occurs through a SUMO-1-independent mechanism.

Received for publication, November 18, 2003 , and in revised form, December 10, 2003.

^* This research was supported by an operating grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

The on-line version of this article (available at http://www.jbc.org) contains two additional figures and six movies.

A senior postdoctoral fellow of the CIHR.

Recipient of a Canada Research Chair in Molecular and Cellular Imaging. To whom correspondence should be addressed: Programme in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada. Tel.: 416-813-2181; Fax: 416-813-2235; E-mail: dbjones{at}sickkids.ca.

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