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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 279, Issue 13, 13156-13165, March 26, 2004

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Structure of a Hydroxyproline (Hyp)-Arabinogalactan Polysaccharide from Repetitive Ala-Hyp Expressed in Transgenic Nicotiana tabacum^*

Li Tan, Feng Qiu, Derek T. A. Lamport¶, and Marcia J. Kieliszewski||

From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, the Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, and ^¶School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, United Kingdom

A synthetic gene encoding the fusion protein (Ala-Hyp)₅₁-enhanced green fluorescent protein expressed in Nicotiana tabacum cells produced a fusion glycoprotein with all proline residues hydroxylated and substituted with an arabinogalactan polysaccharide. Alkaline hydrolysis of the fusion glycoprotein yielded a population of hydroxyproline (Hyp)-arabinogalactan polysaccharides ranging in size from 13 to 26 saccharide residues/Hyp, with a median size of 15-17 residues. We isolated a 15-residue Hyp-arabinogalactan for structure determination by sugar analyses and one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance techniques that provided the assignment of proton and carbon signals of a small polysaccharide O-linked to the hydroxyl group of Hyp. The polysaccharide consisted of a 1,3-linked -D-Galp backbone with a single 1,6-linked -D-Galp "kink." The backbone had two side chains of Galp substituted at position 3 with an arabinose di- or trisaccharide and at position 6 with glucuronic acid or rhamnosyl glucuronic acid. Energy-minimized space-filling molecular models showed hydrogen bonding within polysaccharides attached to repetitive Ala-Hyp and also between polysaccharides and the peptide backbone. Polysaccharides distorted the peptide Ramachandran angles consistent with the circular dichroic spectra of isolated (Ala-Hyp)₅₁ and its reversion to a polyproline II-like helix after deglycosylation. This first complete structure of a Hyp-arabinogalactan polysaccharide shows that computer-based molecular modeling of Hyp-rich glycoproteins is now feasible and supports the suggestion that small repetitive subunits comprise larger arabinogalactan polysaccharides.

Received for publication, October 29, 2003 , and in revised form, January 12, 2004.

^* The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

^|| To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 740-593-9466; E-mail: kielisze{at}helios.phy.ohiou.edu.

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