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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 279, Issue 14, 13944-13952, April 2, 2004

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ART-27, an Androgen Receptor Coactivator Regulated in Prostate Development and Cancer^*

Samir S. Taneja, Susan Ha, Nicole K. Swenson, Inés Pineda Torra¶, Serge Rome, Paul D. Walden, Hong Ying Huang, Ellen Shapiro, Michael J. Garabedian¶, and Susan K. Logan||**

From the Departments of Urology, ^||Pharmacology, and ^¶Microbiology and the New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016

Androgen receptor trapped clone-27 (ART-27) is a newly described transcriptional coactivator that binds to the N terminus of the androgen receptor (AR). Given the vital importance of AR signaling in prostate growth and differentiation, we investigated the role of ART-27 in these processes. Immunohistochemical studies indicate that ART-27 protein is expressed in differentiated epithelial cells of adult human prostate and breast tissue. In prostate, ART-27 is abundant in AR-positive prostate luminal epithelial cells, in contrast to the stroma, where cells express AR but not ART-27. The use of a rat model of androgen depletion/reconstitution indicates that ART-27 expression is associated with the elaboration of differentiated prostate epithelial cells. Interestingly, regulated expression of ART-27 in the androgen-sensitive LNCaP prostate cancer cell line inhibits androgen-mediated cellular proliferation and enhances androgen-mediated transcription of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) gene. Consistent with a growth suppressive function, we show that ART-27 expression levels are negligible in human prostate cancer. Importantly, examination of ART-27 protein expression in early fetal prostate development demonstrates that ART-27 is detected only when the developing prostate gland has proceeded from a solid mass of undifferentiated cells to a stage in which differentiated luminal epithelial cells are evident. Thus, ART-27 is an AR cofactor shown to be subject to both cell type and developmental regulation in humans. Overall, the results suggest that decreased levels of ART-27 protein in prostate cancer tissue may occur as a result of de-differentiation, and indicate that ART-27 is likely to regulate a subset of AR-responsive genes important to prostate growth suppression and differentiation.

Received for publication, June 20, 2003 , and in revised form, January 6, 2004.

^* This work was supported in part by an Institutional Grant from the American Cancer Society (to S. K. L.), The Edwin Beer Fellowship of the New York Academy of Medicine (to S. K. L.), National Institutes of Health DK58024 (to M. J. G.), the Department of Defense Grant DAMD-17-00-1-0035 (to M. J. G.), The American Cancer Society (to M. J. G.), The St. Lawrence Seaway Corporation (to M. J. G. and S. S. T.), National Institutes of Health Grant K08 DK02577-01 (to S. S. T.), the CAP Cure Foundation (to S. S. T.), and the Chemotherapy Foundation (to S. S. T.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

^** To whom correspondence should be addressed: NYU @ VAMC, 423 East 23rd St., Room 18064 South, New York, NY, 10010. Tel.: 212-951-5426; Fax: 212-951-5424; E-mail: logans02{at}med.nyu.edu.

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