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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 279, Issue 14, 14464-14471, April 2, 2004

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Differential Specificity of Human and Escherichia coli Endonuclease III and VIII Homologues for Oxidative Base Lesions^*

Atsushi Katafuchi, Toshiaki Nakano, Aya Masaoka, Hiroaki Terato, Shigenori Iwai¶, Fumio Hanaoka||, and Hiroshi Ide**

From the Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan, the ^¶Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan, and the ^||Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University and Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan

In human cells, oxidative pyrimidine lesions are restored by the base excision repair pathway initiated by homologues of Endo III (hNTH1) and Endo VIII (hNEIL1 and hNEIL2). In this study we have quantitatively analyzed and compared their activity toward nine oxidative base lesions and an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site using defined oligonucleotide substrates. hNTH1 and hNEIL1 but not hNEIL2 excised the two stereoisomers of thymine glycol (5R-Tg and 5S-Tg), but their isomer specificity was markedly different: the relative activity for 5R-Tg:5S-Tg was 13:1 for hNTH1 and 1.5:1 for hNEIL1. This was also the case for their Escherichia coli homologues: the relative activity for 5R-Tg:5S-Tg was 1:2.5 for Endo III and 3.2:1 for Endo VIII. Among other tested lesions for hNTH1, an AP site was a significantly better substrate than urea, 5-hydroxyuracil (hoU), and guanine-derived formamidopyrimidine (mFapyG), whereas for hNEIL1 these base lesions and an AP site were comparable substrates. In contrast, hNEIL2 recognized an AP site exclusively, and the activity for hoU and mFapyG was marginal. hNEIL1, hNEIL2, and Endo VIII but not hNTH1 and Endo III formed cross-links to oxanine, suggesting conservation of the -fold of the active site of the Endo VIII homologues. The profiles of the excision of the Tg isomers with HeLa and E. coli cell extracts closely resembled those of hNTH1 and Endo III, confirming their major contribution to the repair of Tg isomers in cells. However, detailed analysis of the cellular activity suggests that hNEIL1 has a significant role in the repair of 5S-Tg in human cells.

Received for publication, January 14, 2004

^* This work was supported by a grant-in-aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (to H. I.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

Present address: Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Agriculture and Biological Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.

^** To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel./Fax: 81-824-24-7457; E-mail: ideh{at}hiroshima-u.ac.jp.

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