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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 279, Issue 16, 16214-16222, April 16, 2004

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The FlgS/FlgR Two-component Signal Transduction System Regulates the fla Regulon in Campylobacter jejuni^*

Marc M. S. M. Wösten, Jaap A. Wagenaar¶, and Jos P. M. van Putten

From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands and the ^¶Division of Infectious Diseases, Animal Sciences Group, Edelhertweg 15, 8219 PH Lelystad, The Netherlands

The human pathogen Campylobacter jejuni is a highly motile organism that carries a flagellum on each pole. The flagellar motility is regarded as an important trait in C. jejuni colonization of the intestinal tract, however, the knowledge of the regulation of this important colonization factor is rudimentary. We demonstrate by phosphorylation assays that the sensor FlgS and the response regulator FlgR form a two-component system that is on the top of the Campylobacter flagellum hierarchy. Phosphorylated FlgR is needed to activate RpoN-dependent genes of which the products form the hook-basal body filament complex. By real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR we identified that FlgS, FlgR, RpoN, and FliA belong to the early flagellar genes and are regulated by ⁷⁰. FliD and the putative anti--factor FlgM are regulated by a ⁵⁴- and ²⁸-dependent promoters. Activation of the fla regulon is growth phase-dependent, a 100-fold rpoN mRNA reduction is seen in the early stationary phase compared with the early logarithmic phase. Whereas flaB transcription decreases, flaA transcription increases in early stationary phase. Our data show that the C. jejuni flagellar hierarchy largely differs from that of other bacteria. Phenotypical analysis revealed that unflagellated C. jejuni mutants grow three times faster in broth medium compared with wild-type bacteria. In vivo the C. jejuni flagella are needed to pass the gastrointestinal tract of chickens, but not to colonize the ceaca of the chicken.

Received for publication, January 13, 2004 , and in revised form, February 11, 2004.

^* The work was supported by a fellowship of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Science (to M. M. S. M. W.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands. Tel.: 31-30-2534791; Fax: 31-30-2540784; E-mail: M.Wosten{at}vet.uu.nl.

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