HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 279, Issue 19, 19698-19704, May 7, 2004

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 279/19/19698    most recent M313746200v1 Submit a Letter to Editor Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Serrano, R. Articles by Ariño, J. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Serrano, R. Articles by Ariño, J. Social Bookmarking                      What's this?

Copper and Iron Are the Limiting Factors for Growth of the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in an Alkaline Environment^*

Raquel Serrano, Dolores Bernal, Ernesto Simón¶, and Joaquín Ariño||

From the Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain

Exposure of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to an alkaline environment represents a stress situation that negatively affects growth and results in an adaptive transcriptional response. We screened a collection of 4825 haploid deletion mutants for their ability to grow at mild alkaline pH, and we identified 118 genes, involved in numerous cellular functions, whose absence results in reduced growth. The list includes several key genes in copper and iron homeostasis, such as CCC2, RCS1, FET3, LYS7, and CTR1. In contrast, a screen of high-copy number plasmid libraries for clones able to increase tolerance to alkaline pH revealed only two genes: FET4 (encoding a low affinity transporter for copper, iron, and zinc) and CTR1 (encoding a high affinity copper transporter). The beneficial effect of overexpression of CTR1 requires a functional high affinity iron transport system, as it was abolished by deletion of FET3, a component of the high affinity transport system, or CCC2, which is required for assembly of the transport system. The growth-promoting effect of FET4 was not modified in these mutants. These results suggest that the observed tolerance to alkaline pH is because of improved iron uptake and indicate that both iron and copper are limiting factors for growth under alkaline pH conditions. Addition to the medium of micromolar concentrations of copper or iron ions drastically improved growth at high pH. Supplementation with iron improved somewhat the tolerance of a fet3 strain but was ineffective in a ctr1 mutant, suggesting the existence of additional copper-requiring functions important for tolerance to an alkaline environment.

Received for publication, December 16, 2003 , and in revised form, February 25, 2004.

^* This work was supported by a Research Grant from the "Fundación Ramón Areces" and by Grants BMC2002–04011-C05-04 and GEN2001-4707-C08-03 from the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, Spain and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (to J. A.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

Recipient of a fellowship from the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, Spain.

Both authors contributed equally to this work.

^¶ Recipient of a fellowship from the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.

^|| To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Ed. V, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain. Tel.: 34-93-5812182; Fax: 34-93-5812006; E-mail: Joaquin.Arino{at}uab.es.

CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				G. A. Martinez-Munoz and P. Kane Vacuolar and Plasma Membrane Proton Pumps Collaborate to Achieve Cytosolic pH Homeostasis in Yeast J. Biol. Chem., July 18, 2008; 283(29): 20309 - 20319. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y.-U. Baek, M. Li, and D. A. Davis Candida albicans Ferric Reductases Are Differentially Regulated in Response to Distinct Forms of Iron Limitation by the Rim101 and CBF Transcription Factors Eukaryot. Cell, July 1, 2008; 7(7): 1168 - 1179. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Ruiz, R. Serrano, and J. Arino Direct Regulation of Genes Involved in Glucose Utilization by the Calcium/Calcineurin Pathway J. Biol. Chem., May 16, 2008; 283(20): 13923 - 13933. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Serrano, H. Martin, A. Casamayor, and J. Arino Signaling Alkaline pH Stress in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae through the Wsc1 Cell Surface Sensor and the Slt2 MAPK Pathway J. Biol. Chem., December 29, 2006; 281(52): 39785 - 39795. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Platara, A. Ruiz, R. Serrano, A. Palomino, F. Moreno, and J. Arino The Transcriptional Response of the Yeast Na+-ATPase ENA1 Gene to Alkaline Stress Involves Three Main Signaling Pathways J. Biol. Chem., December 1, 2006; 281(48): 36632 - 36642. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Gonzalez, A. Ruiz, R. Serrano, J. Arino, and A. Casamayor Transcriptional Profiling of the Protein Phosphatase 2C Family in Yeast Provides Insights into the Unique Functional Roles of Ptc1 J. Biol. Chem., November 17, 2006; 281(46): 35057 - 35069. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Deng, R. Sugiura, M. Takeuchi, M. Suzuki, H. Ebina, T. Takami, A. Koike, S. Iba, and T. Kuno Real-Time Monitoring of Calcineurin Activity in Living Cells: Evidence for Two Distinct Ca2+-dependent Pathways in Fission Yeast Mol. Biol. Cell, November 1, 2006; 17(11): 4790 - 4800. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Garcia-Salcedo, A. Casamayor, A. Ruiz, A. Gonzalez, C. Prista, M. C. Loureiro-Dias, J. Ramos, and J. Arino Heterologous Expression Implicates a GATA Factor in Regulation of Nitrogen Metabolic Genes and Ion Homeostasis in the Halotolerant Yeast Debaryomyces hansenii. Eukaryot. Cell, August 1, 2006; 5(8): 1388 - 1398. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. M. Kane The Where, When, and How of Organelle Acidification by the Yeast Vacuolar H+-ATPase Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., March 1, 2006; 70(1): 177 - 191. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Castrejon, A. Gomez, M. Sanz, A. Duran, and C. Roncero The RIM101 Pathway Contributes to Yeast Cell Wall Assembly and Its Function Becomes Essential in the Absence of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Slt2p Eukaryot. Cell, March 1, 2006; 5(3): 507 - 517. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Metz, A. Wachter, B. Schmidt, J. M. Bujnicki, and B. Schwappach The Yeast Arr4p ATPase Binds the Chloride Transporter Gef1p When Copper Is Available in the Cytosol J. Biol. Chem., January 6, 2006; 281(1): 410 - 417. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Blanchin-Roland, G. D. Costa, and C. Gaillardin ESCRT-I components of the endocytic machinery are required for Rim101-dependent ambient pH regulation in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica Microbiology, November 1, 2005; 151(11): 3627 - 3637. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Rothfels, J. C. Tanny, E. Molnar, H. Friesen, C. Commisso, and J. Segall Components of the ESCRT Pathway, DFG16, and YGR122w Are Required for Rim101 To Act as a Corepressor with Nrg1 at the Negative Regulatory Element of the DIT1 Gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mol. Cell. Biol., August 1, 2005; 25(15): 6772 - 6788. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Sambade, M. Alba, A. M. Smardon, R. W. West, and P. M. Kane A Genomic Screen for Yeast Vacuolar Membrane ATPase Mutants Genetics, August 1, 2005; 170(4): 1539 - 1551. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Viladevall, R. Serrano, A. Ruiz, G. Domenech, J. Giraldo, A. Barcelo, and J. Arino Characterization of the Calcium-mediated Response to Alkaline Stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae J. Biol. Chem., October 15, 2004; 279(42): 43614 - 43624. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]