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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 279, Issue 2, 884-891, January 9, 2004

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Minihelix-containing RNAs Mediate Exportin-5-dependent Nuclear Export of the Double-stranded RNA-binding Protein ILF3^*

Carole Gwizdek, Batool Ossareh-Nazari, Amy M. Brownawell¶, Stefan Evers||, Ian G. Macara¶, and Catherine Dargemont**

From the Institut Jacques Monod, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7592, CNRS, Universités Paris VI et VII, 2 Place Jussieu, Tour 43, Paris 75251 Cedex 05, France, ^¶Center for Cell Signaling, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, and ^||Hoffmann-La Roche AG, PRPN-G, Building 93/440, 4070 Basel, Switzerland

The karyopherin-related nuclear transport factor exportin-5 preferentially recognizes and transports RNAs containing minihelix motif, a structural cis-acting export element that comprises a double-stranded stem (>14 nucleotides) with a base-paired 5' end and a 3–8-nucleotide protruding 3' end. This structural motif is present in various small cellular and viral polymerase III transcripts such as the adenovirus VA1 RNA (VA1). Here we show that the double-stranded RNA-binding protein, ILF3 (interleukin enhancer binding factor 3) preferentially binds minihelix motif. Gel retardation assays and glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments revealed that ILF3, exportin-5, RanGTP, and VA1 RNA assembled in a quaternary complex in which the RNA moiety bridges the interaction between ILF3 and exportin-5. Formation of this complex is facilitated by the ability of both exportin-5 and ILF3 to mutually increase their apparent affinity for VA1 RNA. Using microinjection in the nucleus of HeLa cells and transfection experiments, we show here that formation of the cooperative RanGTP-dependent RNA/ILF3/exportin-5 complex promotes the co-transport of VA1 and ILF3 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Exportin-5 thus appears as the first example of a nuclear export receptor that mediates RNA export but also promotes transport of proteinaceous cargo through appropriate and specific RNA adaptors.

Received for publication, June 26, 2003 , and in revised form, September 15, 2003.

^* This work was supported by grants from Ensemble contre le Sida, the Association de Recherche contre le Cancer, and the Ligue contre le Cancer. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

The on-line version of this article (available at http://www.jbc.org) contains Supplemental Material.

Contributed equally to this work.

^** To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel./Fax: 33-1-44276956; E-mail: dargemont{at}ijm.jussieu.fr.

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