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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 279, Issue 24, 25544-25548, June 11, 2004

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NMR Application Probes a Novel and Ubiquitous Family of Enzymes That Alter Monosaccharide Configuration^*

Kyoung-Seok Ryu, Changhoon Kim¶, Insook Kim¶, Seokho Yoo¶, Byong-Seok Choi||**, and Chankyu Park¶||

From the Yusong-Gu, Gusong-Dong 373-1, Department of Chemistry and ^¶Department of Biological Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejon 305-701, Korea

By exploiting nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques along with novel applications of saturation difference analysis, we deciphered the functions of the previously uncharacterized products of three bacterial genes, rbsD, fucU, and yiiL, which are part of the ribose, fucose, and rhamnose operons of Escherichia coli, respectively. We show that RbsD catalyzes the pyran to furan conversion of ribose, whereas FucU and YiiL are involved in the catalysis of the anomeric conversion of their respective sugars. It was observed that the anomeric exchange of only ribofuranose, not ribopyranose, occurs spontaneously in solution rationalizing its evolutionary incorporation into the nucleic acid. The RbsD and FucU proteins share sequence homology and belong to the same protein family that is found from eubacteria to human, whereas the YiiL homologues exist in archaebacteria and lower eukaryotes. These enzymes, including the galactose mutarotase, exhibit a certain degree of cross-specificity to structurally analogous sugars thereby encompassing all existing monosaccharides in terms of their reactivities. The ubiquitous presence of enzymes involved in the anomeric changes of monosaccharides highlights an importance of these activities in various cellular processes requiring efficient monosaccharide utilization.

Received for publication, February 24, 2004 , and in revised form, March 31, 2004.

^* This work was supported in part by the Creative Research Initiative Program and Grant BK21 (to C. P. and B.-S. C.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

The on-line version of this article (available at http://www.jbc.org) contains supplemental Figs. 1 and 2.

Supported by the BK21 project.

^|| Both authors contributed equally to this work.

^** To whom correspondence may be addressed. Tel.: 82-42-869-2828; Fax: 82-42-869-2810; E-mail: byongseok.choi{at}kaist.ac.kr. To whom correspondence may be addressed. Tel.: 82-42-869-2629; Fax: 82-42-869-2610; E-mail: ckpark{at}kaist.ac.kr.

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