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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 279, Issue 25, 26233-26242, June 18, 2004

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DNA Interaction and Dimerization of Eukaryotic SMC Hinge Domains^*

Allen Chiu, Ekaterina Revenkova, and Rolf Jessberger

From the Center for Gene Therapy and Molecular Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029

The eukaryotic SMC1/SMC3 heterodimer is essential for sister chromatid cohesion and acts in DNA repair and recombination. Dimerization depends on the central hinge domain present in all SMC proteins, which is flanked at each side by extended coiled-coil regions that terminate in specific globular domains. Here we report on DNA interactions of the eukaryotic, heterodimeric SMC1/SMC3 hinge regions, using the two known isoforms, SMC1/SMC3 and the meiotic SMC1/SMC3. Both dimers bind DNA with a preference for double-stranded DNA and DNA rich in potential secondary structures. Both dimers form large protein-DNA networks and promote reannealing of complementary DNA strands. DNA binding but not dimerization depends on approximately 20 amino acids of transitional sequence into the coiled-coil region. Replacement of three highly conserved glycine residues, thought to be required for dimerization, in one of the two hinge domains still allows formation of a stable dimer, but if two hinge domains are mutated dimerization fails. Single-mutant dimers bind DNA, but hinge monomers do not. Together, we show that eukaryotic hinge dimerization does not require conserved glycines in both hinge domains, that only the transition into the coiled-coil region rather than the entire coiled-coil region is necessary for DNA binding, and that dimerization is required but not sufficient for DNA binding of the eukaryotic hinge heterodimer.

Received for publication, March 3, 2004 , and in revised form, April 14, 2004.

^* This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant GM 62517. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

To whom correspondence should be addressed: Center for Gene Therapy and Molecular Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029. Tel.: 212-659-8269; Fax: 212-849-2437; E-mail: rolf.jessberger{at}mssm.edu.

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