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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 279, Issue 26, 27233-27238, June 25, 2004
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From the Molecular Diabetes and Metabolism Section and the Harry B. and Aileen B. Gordon Diabetes Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
Three SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) genes have been identified in humans, which tag proteins to modulate subcellular localization and/or enhance protein stability and activity. We report the identification of a novel intronless SUMO gene, SUMO-4, that encodes a 95-amino acid protein having an 86% amino acid homology with SUMO-2. In contrast to SUMO-2, which is highly expressed in all of the tissues examined, SUMO-4 mRNA was detected mainly in the kidney. A single nucleotide polymorphism was detected in SUMO-4, substituting a highly conserved methionine with a valine residue (M55V). In HepG2 (liver carcinoma) cells transiently transfected with SUMO-4 expression vectors, Met-55 was associated with the elevated levels of activated heat shock factor transcription factors as compared with Val-55, whereas the levels of NF-
B were suppressed to an identical degree. The SUMO-4M (Met) variant is associated with type I diabetes mellitus susceptibility in families (p = 4.0 x 10-4), suggesting that it may be involved in the pathogenesis of type I diabetes.
Received for publication, March 1, 2004
* This work was supported in part by grants from the Juvenile Diabetes Foundation and the Harry B. and Aileen B. Gordon Foundation. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 832-824-3763; Fax: 832-825-3766; E-mail: davido{at}bcm.tmc.edu.
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