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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 279, Issue 26, 27824-27829, June 25, 2004

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A Conserved N-terminal Motif in Rad54 Is Important for Chromatin Remodeling and Homologous Strand Pairing^*

Vassilios Alexiadis, Alexandra Lusser, and James T. Kadonaga

From the Section of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0347

The Swi2/Snf2-related protein Rad54 is a chromatin remodeling enzyme that is important for homologous strand pairing catalyzed by the eukaryotic recombinase Rad51. The chromatin remodeling and DNA-stimulated ATPase activities of Rad54 are significantly enhanced by Rad51. To investigate the functions of Rad54, we generated and analyzed a series of mutant Rad54 proteins. Notably, the deletion of an N-terminal motif (amino acid residues 2-9), which is identical in Rad54 in Drosophila, mice, and humans, results in a complete loss of chromatin remodeling and strand pairing activities, and partial inhibition of the ATPase activity. In contrast, this conserved N-terminal motif has no apparent effect on the ability of DNA to stimulate the ATPase activity or of Rad51 to enhance the DNA-stimulated ATPase activity. Unexpectedly, as the N terminus of Rad54 is progressively truncated, the mutant proteins regain partial chromatin remodeling activity as well as essentially complete DNA-stimulated ATPase activity, both of which are no longer responsive to Rad51. These findings suggest that the N-terminal region of Rad54 contains an autoinhibitory activity that is relieved by Rad51.

Received for publication, March 9, 2004 , and in revised form, April 20, 2004.

^* This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant GM 46995 (to J. T. K.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

Supported in part by the Austrian Programme for Advanced Research and Technology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences.

To whom correspondence should be addressed: Section of Molecular Biology, 0347, Pacific Hall, Rm. 2212B, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093-0347. Tel.: 858-534-4608; Fax: 858-534-0555; E-mail: jkadonaga{at}ucsd.edu.

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