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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 279, Issue 36, 37324-37333, September 3, 2004

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The Escherichia coli fadK (ydiD) Gene Encodes an Anerobically Regulated Short Chain Acyl-CoA Synthetase^*

Rachael M. Morgan-Kiss and John E. Cronan¶||

From the Departments of Microbiology and ^¶Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801

We recently reported a new metabolic competency for Escherichia coli, the ability to degrade and utilize fatty acids of various chain lengths as sole carbon and energy sources (Campbell, J. W., Morgan-Kiss, R. M., and Cronan J. E. (2003) Mol. Microbiol. 47, 793–805). This -oxidation pathway is distinct from the previously described aerobic fatty acid degradation pathway and requires enzymes encoded by two operons, yfcYX and ydiQRSTD. The yfcYX operon (renamed fadIJ) encodes enzymes required for hydration, oxidation, and thiolytic cleavage of the acyl chain. The ydiQRSTD operon encodes a putative acyl-CoA synthetase, ydiD (renamed fadK), as well as putative electron transport chain components. We report that FadK is as an acyl-CoA synthetase that has a preference for short chain length fatty acid substrates (<10 C atoms). The enzymatic mechanism of FadK is similar to other acyl-CoA synthetases in that it forms an acyl-AMP intermediate prior to the formation of the final acyl-CoA product. Expression of FadK is repressed during aerobic growth and is maximally expressed under anaerobic conditions in the presence of the terminal electron acceptor, fumarate.

Received for publication, May 11, 2004 , and in revised form, June 21, 2004.

^* This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grant AI15650. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

Supported in part by a National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada Postdoctoral Fellowship.

^|| To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Microbiology, University of Illinois, B103 Chemical and Life Sciences Laboratory, 601 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801. Tel.: 217-333-7919; Fax: 217-244-6697; E-mail: j-cronan{at}life.uiuc.edu.

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