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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/jbc.M401034200 on June 10, 2004
J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 279, Issue 36, 37461-37469, September 3, 2004
Identification of a Novel Endocytic Recycling Signal in the D1 Dopamine Receptor*
Gabriel A. Vargas and
Mark von Zastrow ¶
From the
Departments of Psychiatry and ¶Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-2140
A critical event determining the functional consequences of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) endocytosis is the molecular sorting of internalized receptors between divergent recycling and degradative membrane pathways. The D1 dopamine receptor recycles rapidly and efficiently to the plasma membrane after agonist-induced endocytosis and is remarkably resistant to proteolytic down-regulation. Whereas the mechanism mediating agonist-induced endocytosis of D1 receptors has been investigated in some detail, little is known about how receptors are sorted after endocytosis. We have identified a sequence present in the carboxyl-terminal cytoplasmic domain of the human D1 dopamine receptor that is specifically required for the efficient recycling of endocytosed receptors back to the plasma membrane. This sequence is distinct from previously identified membrane trafficking signals and is located in a proximal portion of the carboxyl-terminal cytoplasmic domain, in contrast to previously identified GPCR recycling signals present at the distal tip. Nevertheless, fusion of this sequence to the carboxyl terminus of a chimeric mutant opioid neuropeptide receptor is sufficient to re-route internalized receptors from lysosomal to recycling membrane pathways, defining this sequence as a bona fide endocytic recycling signal that can function in both proximal and distal locations. These results identify a novel sorting signal controlling the endocytic trafficking itinerary of a physiologically important dopamine receptor, provide the first example of such a sorting signal functioning in a proximal portion of the carboxyl-terminal cytoplasmic domain, and suggest the existence of a diverse array of sorting signals in the GPCR superfamily that mediate subtype-specific regulation of receptors via endocytic membrane trafficking.
Received for publication, January 30, 2004
, and in revised form, June 8, 2004.
* These studies were supported by a research grant from the National Institutes of Health (to M. v. Z.) and by a Veterans Administration Psychiatry and Neurosciences Fellowship, an American Psychiatric Research Institute Psychiatric Minority Research Training Program Research Fellowship, and NIMH Mentored Career Development K08 Award (to G. A. V.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
To whom correspondence should be addressed: N-216 Genentech Hall, University of California, 600 16th St., San Francisco, CA 94143-2140. Tel.: 415-476-7871; Fax: 415-504-0169; E-mail: gvargas{at}itsa.ucsf.edu.

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Copyright © 2004 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
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