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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 279, Issue 36, 37613-37621, September 3, 2004

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Structure and Assembly of the RNA Binding Domain of Bluetongue Virus Non-structural Protein 2^*

Carmen Butan, Hans van der Zandt, and Paul A. Tucker

From the European Molecular Biology Laboratory, c/o Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany

Bluetongue virus non-structural protein 2 belongs to a class of highly conserved proteins found in orbiviruses of the Reoviridae family. Non-structural protein 2 forms large multimeric complexes and localizes to cytoplasmic inclusions in infected cells. It is able to bind single-stranded RNA non-specifically, and it has been suggested that the protein is involved in the selection and condensation of the Bluetongue virus RNA segments prior to genome encapsidation. We have determined the x-ray structure of the N-terminal domain (sufficient for the RNA binding ability of non-structural protein 2) to 2.4 Å resolution using anomalous scattering methods. Crystals of this apparently insoluble domain were obtained by in situ proteolysis of a soluble construct. The asymmetric unit shows two monomers related by non-crystallographic symmetry, with each monomer folded as a sandwich with a unique topology. The crystal structure reveals extensive monomer-monomer interactions, which explain the ability of the protein to self-assemble into large homomultimeric complexes. Of the entire surface area of the monomer, one-third is used to create the interfaces of the curved multimeric assembly observed in the x-ray structure. The structure reported here shows how the N-terminal domain would be able to bind single-stranded RNA non-specifically protecting the bound regions in a heterogeneous multimeric but not polymeric complex.

Received for publication, January 16, 2004 , and in revised form, May 19, 2004.

^* This work was supported in part by the European Union Extension of Capabilities for Multiple Wavelength Anomalous Diffraction Project HPRI-CT-1999-50015. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

The atomic coordinates and structure factors (code 1UTY) have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank, Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (http://www.rcsb.org/).

To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 49-40-89902129; Fax: 49-40-89902149; E-mail: tucker{at}embl-hamburg.de.

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