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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 279, Issue 37, 38480-38485, September 10, 2004

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Protein-DNA Array-based Identification of Transcription Factor Activities Regulated by Interaction with the Glucocorticoid Receptor^*

Xin Jiang¶, Michael Norman, Leslie Roth, and Xianqiang Li

From the Panomics, Inc., Redwood City, California 94063 and LINE, Bristol University, Bristol BS1 3NY, United Kingdom

The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) regulates gene expression by binding specific sequence elements within the promoters of target genes or by cross-talk with other transcription factors (TFs). For some TFs, interaction with the GR results in alteration of DNA binding and transcriptional regulation. We used a protein-DNA array, a system that facilitates simultaneous profiling of the activities of multiple transcription factors, to systematically examine the potential cross-talk of GR with 149 TFs. Using this array, we identified several TFs, including IRF, E47, and COUP-TF, whose DNA binding activities were modulated by GR. We then confirmed these results with in vitro electrophoretic mobility shift assays and in vivo reporter assays. In this study, IRF and E47 were identified as participants in GR cross-talk for the first time. This new finding expands our understanding of the functional role of GR in the context of gene expression regulation.

Received for publication, April 8, 2004 , and in revised form, July 1, 2004.

^* The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

^¶ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Panomics, Inc., 2003 East Bayshore Rd., Redwood City, CA 94063. Tel.: 650-216-9736; E-mail: xjiang{at}panomics.com.

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