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J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 279, Issue 37, 39122-39131, September 10, 2004

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Depolarization of Skeletal Muscle Cells induces Phosphorylation of cAMP Response Element Binding Protein via Calcium and Protein Kinase C^*

César Cárdenas, Marioly Müller, Enrique Jaimovich, Francisco Pérez, Diego Buchuk, Andrew F. G. Quest, and Maria Angélica Carrasco¶

From the Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago 7, Chile

Membrane depolarization of skeletal muscle cells induces slow inositol trisphosphate-mediated calcium signals that regulate the activity of transcription factors such as the cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB), jun, and fos. Here we investigated whether such signals regulate CREB phosphorylation via protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent pathways. Western blot analysis revealed the presence of seven isoforms (PKC, -I, -II, -, -, -, and -) in rat primary myotubes. The PKC inhibitors bisindolymaleimide I and Gö6976, blocked CREB phosphorylation. Chronic exposure to phorbol ester triggered complete down-regulation of several isoforms, but reduced PKC levels to only 40%, and did not prevent CREB phosphorylation upon myotube depolarization. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed selective and rapid PKC translocation to the nucleus following depolarization, which was blocked by 2-amino-ethoxydiphenyl borate, an inositol trisphosphate receptor inhibitor, and by the phospholipase C inhibitor U73122. In C2C12 cells, which expressed PKC,-, and -, CREB phosphorylation also depended on PKC. These results strongly implicate nuclear PKC translocation in CREB phosphorylation induced by skeletal muscle membrane depolarization.

Received for publication, January 30, 2004 , and in revised form, June 30, 2004.

^* This work was supported by Fondo de Investigación Avanzada en Areas Prioritarias Grant 15010006 and by Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico Grants 1030988 and 1020585. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

Recipient of a graduate student fellowship from the Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica and Programa de Mejoramiento de la Calidad y la Equidad de la Educación Superior UCH9903.

To whom correspondence may be addressed. Tel.: 56-2-678-2015; Fax: 56-2-678-2015; E-mail: aquest{at}med.uchile.cl.

^¶ To whom correspondence may be addressed. Tel.: 56-2-678-6312; Fax: 56-2-777-6916; E-mail: mcarras{at}med.uchile.cl.

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